NDLI: High prevalence and two dominant host-specific genotypes of Coxiella burnetii in U.S. milk

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Pearson, Talima Hornstra, Heidie M Hilsabeck, Remy Gates, Lauren T Olivas, Sonora M Birdsell, Dawn M Hall, Carina M German, Sabrina Cook, James M Seymour, Meagan L Priestley, Rachael A Kondas, Ashley V Clark Friedman, Christine L Price, Erin P Schupp, James M Liu, Cindy M Price, Lance B Massung, Robert F Kersh, Gilbert J Keim, Paul
Abstract	Coxiella burnetii causes Q fever in humans and Coxiellosis in animals; symptoms range from general malaise to fever, pneumonia, endocarditis and death. Livestock are a significant source of human infection as they shed C. burnetii cells in birth tissues, milk, urine and feces. Although prevalence of C. burnetii is high, few Q fever cases are reported in the U.S. and we have a limited understanding of their connectedness due to difficulties in genotyping. Here, we develop canonical SNP genotyping assays to evaluate spatial and temporal relationships among C. burnetii environmental samples and compare them across studies. Given the genotypic diversity of historical collections, we hypothesized that the current enzootic of Coxiellosis is caused by multiple circulating genotypes. We collected A) 23 milk samples from a single bovine herd, B) 134 commercial bovine and caprine milk samples from across the U.S., and C) 400 bovine and caprine samples from six milk processing plants over three years. We detected C. burnetii DNA in 96% of samples with no variance over time. We genotyped 88.5% of positive samples; bovine milk contained only a single genotype (ST20) and caprine milk was dominated by a second type (mostly ST8). The high prevalence and lack of genotypic diversity is consistent with a model of rapid spread and persistence. The segregation of genotypes between host species is indicative of species-specific adaptations or dissemination barriers and may offer insights into the relative lack of human cases and characterizing genotypes.
Related Links	https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2180-14-41.pdf
Ending Page	9
Page Count	9
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712180
DOI	10.1186/1471-2180-14-41
Journal	BMC Microbiology
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	14
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2014-02-17
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Microbiology Biological Microscopy Mycology Parasitology Virology Life Sciences Coxiella burnetii Q fever Environmental detection Genotyping Phylogeography Multispacer typing SNP typing Canonical SNP CanSNP
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Microbiology Microbiology (medical)
Journal Impact Factor	4/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	4.6/2023

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