NDLI: Environmetric techniques in water quality assessment and monitoring: a case study

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Hamid, Aadil Bhat, Salim Aijaz Bhat, Sami Ullah Jehangir, Arshid
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	This paper presents the interpretation of voluminous and complex dataset of Vishav stream, using different environmetric techniques, acquired during 1 year monitoring program of 21 parameters at five different sites. General linear regression model depicted better and higher positive and negative relationship among various analyzed water quality parameters (p < 0.0001), indicating that the water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, TDS, NO$_{3}$-N, and ortho-phosphorus (ortho-P) appears to be important parameters to predict overall water quality. Hierarchical cluster analysis classified similar water quality sites into two significant clusters (Cluster II and Cluster I). Cluster II (sites I and II) is characterized by excellent water quality while cluster I (sites III, IV and V) is considered to be of moderately poor water quality, thereby reflecting the different physico-chemical characteristics and quality status. Principal component analysis has allowed identification of a reduced number of mean three varifactors (VF1, VF2 and VF3), pointing out 88.3 % of both spatio-temporal changes. Factor analysis showed that the first factor (VF1) explained 63.9 % of the total variance comprising of WT, discharge, free carbon dioxide, NO$_{3}$-N and total phosphorus and strong negative loading on pH, DO, total hardness, calcium hardness and magnesium hardness. VF2, explaining 14.13 % of total variance, has a strong positive loading on ortho-P and sulphate. VF3, explaining the lowest variance (10.12 %), has strong positive loading on ammonical-nitrogen and dissolved silica. Thus, the present study demonstrates the importance of environmetric techniques for reliable characterization and evaluation of surface water quality, over a short period for effective management.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	13
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18666280
Journal	Environmental Earth Sciences
Volume Number	75
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	18666299
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2016-02-11
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Vishav stream Environmetric Linear regression Principle component analysis Cluster analysis Geology Hydrology/Water Resources Geochemistry Environmental Science and Engineering Terrestrial Pollution Biogeosciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Global and Planetary Change Earth-Surface Processes Soil Science Environmental Chemistry Pollution Geology Water Science and Technology

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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