NDLI: Compost Pile Monitoring Using Different Approaches: GC

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Gutiérrez, M. C. Chica, A. F. Martín, M. A. Romain, A. C.
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	The evaluation of odour emissions associated to the composting process is complex because these emissions depend on several factors such as the raw material to be composted, the different stages of the composting process, meteorological conditions, and others. For this reason, the aim of this paper is to compare complementary approaches to monitor odours. The odour source selected for this study is green waste compost at different maturity stages. The study site is a composting facility located in the south of Belgium. The compared approaches were: a portable e-nose developed by the Environmental Monitoring Research team (Arlon, Belgium) to monitor odorous emissions from the composting piles; chemical analyses performed in the laboratory using a GC–MS (manufactured by Thermo) to analyse volatile organic compounds which were collected by active sampling on Tenax TA$^{®}$ sorbent simultaneously to the in situ e-nose measurements and olfactometric measurements to determine the odour concentration (ou$_{E}$/m$^{3}$) using the Odile olfactometer (Odotech). The portable e-nose was also used in the laboratory with compost odour samples collected in bags. The large numbers of data sets obtained were explored by statistical methods such as principal components analysis. The results obtained highlight the advantages of monitoring the composting process with these three approaches. Each approach gives different information about the composting process and the emissions generated. While the e-nose is capable of identifying some chemical family emissions and some activities such as turning steps, the GC–MS identifies each chemical compound emitted and dynamic olfactometry quantifies the odour concentration (ou$_{E}$/m$^{3}$) in relationship with these emissions.
Starting Page	469
Ending Page	479
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18772641
Journal	Waste and Biomass Valorization
Volume Number	5
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	1877265X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2013-04-26
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Composting Dynamic olfactometry E-nose VOCs PCA GC–MS Engineering Environment Renewable and Green Energy Industrial Pollution Prevention Waste Management/Waste Technology Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Waste Management and Disposal Environmental Engineering Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

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