NDLI: Ethanol-Induced Alterations in Purkinje Neuron Dendrites in Adult and Aging Rats: a Review

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Ethanol-Induced Alterations in Purkinje Neuron Dendrites in Adult and Aging Rats: a Review

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Dlugos, Cynthia A.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Uncomplicated alcoholics suffer from discrete motor dysfunctions that become more pronounced with age. These deficits involve the structure and function of Purkinje neurons (PN), the sole output neurons from the cerebellar cortex. This review focuses on alterations to the PN dendritic arbor in the adult and aging Fischer 344 rat following lengthy alcohol consumption. It describes seminal studies using the Golgi-Cox method which proposed a model for ethanol-induced dendritic regression. Subsequent ultrastructural studies of PN dendrites showed dilation of the extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) which preceded and accompanied dendritic regression. The component of the SER that was most affected by ethanol was the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca$^{2+}$ ATPase pump (SERCA) responsible for resequestration of calcium into the SER. Ethanol-induced decreases in SERCA pump levels, similar to the finding of SER dilation, preceded and occurred concomitantly with dendritic regression. Discrete ethanol-induced deficits in balance also accompanied these decreases. Ethanol-induced ER stress within the SER of PN dendrites was proposed as an underlying cause of dendritic regression. It was recently shown that increased activation of caspase 12, inherent to the ER, occurred in PN of acute slices in ethanol-fed rats and was most pronounced following 40 weeks of ethanol treatment. These findings shed new light into alcohol-induced disruption in PN dendrites providing a new model for the discrete but critical changes in motor function in aging, adult alcoholics.
Starting Page	466
Ending Page	473
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14734222
Journal	The Cerebellum
Volume Number	14
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	14734230
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2015-02-04
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	PN dendrite Regression Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca$^{2+}$ ATPase pump Endoplasmic reticulum stress Neurosciences Neurology Neurobiology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neurology Neurology (clinical)

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