NDLI: Influence of Willow Biochar Amendment on Soil Nitrogen Availability and Greenhouse Gas Production in Two Fertilized Temperate Prairie Soils

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Hangs, R. D. Ahmed, H. P. Schoenau, J. J.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	The potential of biochar to improve numerous soil physical, chemical and biological properties is well known. However, previous research has concentrated on old and highly weathered tropical soils with poor fertility, while reports regarding the influence of biochar application on relatively young and fertile temperate prairie soils are limited. Furthermore, the mechanism(s) underlying biochar-induced effects on the plant availability of inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizers and their relationship to greenhouse gas production is not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a biochar soil amendment, produced by slow pyrolysis using shrub willow (Salix spp.) bioenergy feedstock, on CO$_{2}$, N$_{2}$O and CH$_{4}$ fluxes by two contrasting marginal soils from Saskatchewan, Canada with and without added urea, over a 6-week incubation period. Biochar decreased soil N availability after 6 weeks only in the lower organic matter (Brown) soil, with no effect on the Black soil, regardless of fertilizer N addition, which was attributed to soil N immobilization by heterotrophs mineralizing the labile biochar-carbon. There appeared to be a synergistic effect when combining biochar and urea, evidenced by enhanced urease activity and higher initial nitrification rates compared to biochar or fertilization alone. The accelerated urea hydrolysis in the presence of biochar may increase NH$_{3}$ volatilization losses associated with urea fertilization and, therefore, warrants further investigation. The decreased N$_{2}$O emissions following biochar addition, with (both soils) or without (Black soil) fertilizer N, could be due to decreased ammonium and nitrate availability, along with changes in denitrification potential as related to improved aeration. Biochar significantly reduced the water-filled pore space, which concurrently increased CH$_{4}$ consumption in both soils. The lack of biochar effect on CO$_{2}$ emissions from either soil, with or without fertilizer N, suggests enhanced CO$_{2}$ consumption by autotrophic nitrifiers. Biochar application appears to be an effective management approach for improving N$_{2}$O and CH$_{4}$ fluxes in temperate prairie soils.
Starting Page	157
Ending Page	171
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	19391234
Journal	BioEnergy Research
Volume Number	9
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	19391242
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2015-09-14
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	CH$_{4}$, CO$_{2}$ and N$_{2}$O emissions Nitrogen supply rate PRS™ probes Salix Slow pyrolysis Plant Sciences Plant Genetics & Genomics Plant Breeding/Biotechnology Plant Ecology Wood Science & Technology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Agronomy and Crop Science

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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