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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | rmark, Monica Pommer, Linda Gräsvik, John Hedenström, Mattias Gorzsás, András Winestrand, Sandra Jönsson, Leif J. |
| Copyright Year | 2015 |
| Abstract | The chemical effects of torrefaction and the possibility to combine torrefaction with biochemical conversion were explored in experiments with five preparations of wood of Norway spruce that had been torrefied using different degrees of severity. Compositional analysis and analyses using solid-state CP/MAS $^{13}$C NMR, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Py-GC/MS showed small gradual changes, such as decreased hemicellulosic content and increased Klason lignin value, for torrefaction conditions in the range from 260 °C and 8 min up to 310 °C and 8 min. The most severe torrefaction conditions (310 °C, 25 min) resulted in substantial loss of glucan and further increase of the Klason lignin value, which was attributed to conversion of carbohydrate to pseudo-lignin. Even mild torrefaction conditions led to decreased susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, a state which was not changed by pretreatment with sulfuric acid. Pretreatment with the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate overcame the additional recalcitrance caused by torrefaction, and the glucose yields after 72 h of enzymatic hydrolysis of wood torrefied at 260 °C for 8 min and at 285 °C for 16.5 min were as high as that of IL-pretreated non-torrefied spruce wood. Compared to IL-pretreated non-torrefied reference wood, the glucose production rates after 2 h of enzymatic hydrolysis of IL-pretreated wood torrefied at 260 °C for 8 min and at 285 °C for 16.5 min were 63 and 40 % higher, respectively. The findings offer increased understanding of the effects of torrefaction and indicate that mild torrefaction is compatible with biochemical conversion after pretreatment with alternative solvents that disrupt pseudo-lignin-containing lignocellulose. |
| Starting Page | 355 |
| Ending Page | 368 |
| Page Count | 14 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 19391234 |
| Journal | BioEnergy Research |
| Volume Number | 9 |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| e-ISSN | 19391242 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer US |
| Publisher Date | 2015-11-26 |
| Publisher Place | New York |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Torrefaction Wood Acid pretreatment Ionic liquid Enzymatic hydrolysis Plant Sciences Plant Genetics & Genomics Plant Breeding/Biotechnology Plant Ecology Wood Science & Technology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Agronomy and Crop Science |
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