NDLI: Facile Synthesis of Cu$_{2}$ZnSnS$_{4}$ Photovoltaic Absorber Thin Films via Sulfurization of Cu$_{2}$SnS$

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kahraman, Süleyman Podlogar, Mateja Bernik, Slavko Güder, Hüsnü Salih
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Copper zinc tin sulfide (Cu$_{2}$ZnSnS$_{4}$) has been receiving a lot of attention in recent years as a new, alternative absorber for the production of cheap thin film solar cells owing to the high natural abundance of all the constituents, its tunable direct-band-gap energy, and its large optical absorption coefficient. In addition, to overcome the problem of expensive vacuum-based methods, solution-based approaches are being developed for Cu$_{2}$ZnSnS$_{4}$ deposition. In this study, Cu$_{2}$ZnSnS$_{4}$ thin films were grown on soda lime glass substrates via the sulfurization of solution grown Cu$_{2}$SnS$_{3}$/ZnS stacked sulfide layers. A new facile route to overcome the difficulty of depositing Cu$_{2}$ZnSnS$_{4}$ thin film with a desired stoichiometric composition in a single cation solution has been presented. The influences of deposition cycles of layers on the morphological, compositional, structural, and optical properties of the samples were investigated. It was observed from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images that the films were continuous and composed of homogenously distributed large grains. Possible chemical formulations of the best samples were predicted to be Cu$_{1.99}$Zn$_{1.25}$Sn$_{1.00}$S$_{3.76}$ and Cu$_{1.97}$Zn$_{1.03}$Sn$_{1.29}$S$_{3.71}$ via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) results. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the samples matched very well with the reference values. The Raman-scattering analysis of the films proved the phase purity of the CZTS samples. The optical absorption coefficient of the films was found to be about 10$^{4 }$cm$^{−1}$ based on absorbance spectroscopy. The optical band gaps of the films were estimated to be between 1.36 and 1.50 eV. From these we are able to conclude that CZTS thin films can be effectively obtained via the vacuum-atmosphere sulfurization of Cu$_{2}$SnS$_{3}$/ZnS stacked sulfide layers.
Starting Page	2326
Ending Page	2334
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10735623
Journal	Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A
Volume Number	45
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	15431940
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2014-01-14
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Metallic Materials Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Structural Materials Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films Nanotechnology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Mechanics of Materials Metals and Alloys Condensed Matter Physics

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