NDLI: Cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and apoptosis induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Wang, Yurong Cui, Haiyan Zhou, Jiaping Li, Fengjuan Wang, Jinju Chen, Mianhua Liu, Qingdai
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Concerns about the risk of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO$_{2}$ NPs) to human health and environment are gradually increasing due to their wide range of applications. In this study, cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and apoptosis induced by TiO$_{2}$ NPs (5 nm) in A549 cells were investigated. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays revealed the time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects of TiO$_{2}$ NPs in a concentration range of 50 to 200 μg/mL. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) induction in DNA damage was observed by the comet assay in cells exposed to 50 to 200 μg/mL TiO$_{2}$ NPs for 48 h. A significant (p < 0.05) induction in micronucleus formation determined by 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining was also observed at the above concentrations. Typical apoptotic morphological feature and apoptotic bodies in A549 cells induced by TiO$_{2}$ NPs at the above concentrations were observed by scanning electron micrographs. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the cells treated with TiO$_{2}$ NPs at concentrations of 100 and 200 μg/mL showed a significant G$_{2}$/M phase arrest and a significant increased proportion of apoptotic cells. TiO$_{2}$ NPs also disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential evaluated by rhodamine 123 staining. Further analysis by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) indicated that the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 messenger RNA (mRNA) was increased significantly at the concentrations of 100 and 200 μg/mL TiO$_{2}$ NPs for 48 h. Taken together, these findings suggest that TiO$_{2}$ NPs can inhibit A549 cell proliferation, cause DNA damage, and induce apoptosis via a mechanism primarily involving the activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. The assay data provide strong evidence that TiO$_{2}$ NPs can induce cytotoxicity, significant DNA damage, and apoptosis of A549 cells, suggesting that exposure to TiO$_{2}$ NPs could cause cell injury and be hazardous to health.
Starting Page	5519
Ending Page	5530
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09441344
Journal	Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Volume Number	22
Issue Number	7
e-ISSN	16147499
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2014-10-24
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Nanosized titanium dioxide A549 cells DNA damage Apoptosis Cytotoxicity Environment Environmental Chemistry Ecotoxicology Environmental Health Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution Medicine

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