NDLI: Microglial cells (BV-2) internalize titanium dioxide (TiO$_{2}$) nanoparticles: toxicity and cellular responses

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Rihane, Naima Nury, Thomas M’rad, Imen Mir, Lassaad Sakly, Mohsen Amara, Salem Lizard, Gérard
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Because of their whitening and photocatalytic effects, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO$_{2}$-NPs) are widely used in daily life. These NPs can be found in paints, plastics, papers, sunscreens, foods, medicines (pills), toothpastes, and cosmetics. However, the biological effect of TiO$_{2}$-NPs on the human body, especially on the central nervous system, is still unclear. Many studies have demonstrated that the brain is one of the target organs in acute or chronic TiO$_{2}$-NPs toxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of TiO$_{2}$-NPs at different concentrations (0.1 to 200 μg/mL) on murine microglial cells (BV-2) to assess their activity on cell growth and viability, as well as their neurotoxicity. Different parameters were measured: cell viability, cell proliferation and DNA content (SubG1 peak), mitochondrial depolarization, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (especially superoxide anions), and ultrastructural changes. Results showed that TiO$_{2}$-NPs induced some cytotoxic effects with a slight inhibition of cell growth. Thus, at high concentrations, TiO$_{2}$-NPs were not only able to inhibit cell adhesion but also enhanced cytoplasmic membrane permeability to propidium iodide associated with a loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and an overproduction of superoxide anions. No induction of apoptosis based on the presence of a SubG1 peak was detected. The microscopic observations also indicated that small groups of nanosized particles and micron-sized aggregates were engulfed by the BV-2 cells and sequestered as intracytoplasmic aggregates after 24-h exposure to TiO$_{2}$-NPs. Altogether, our data show that the accumulation TiO$_{2}$-NPs in microglial BV-2 cells favors mitochondrial dysfunctions and oxidative stress.
Starting Page	9690
Ending Page	9699
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09441344
Journal	Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Volume Number	23
Issue Number	10
e-ISSN	16147499
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2016-02-05
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	BV-2 cells Titanium dioxide nanoparticles Neurotoxicity Oxidative stress Environment Environmental Chemistry Ecotoxicology Environmental Health Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution Medicine

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