NDLI: Characteristics of ammonia, acid gases, and PM$_{2.5}$ for three typical land-use types in the North China Plain

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Xu, Wen Wu, Qinghua Liu, Xuejun Tang, Aohan Dore, Anthony J. Heal, Mathew R.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Air pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems in China due to its rapid economic development alongside a very large consumption of fossil fuel, particularly in the North China Plain (NCP). During the period 2011–2014, we integrated active and passive sampling methods to perform continuous measurements of NH$_{3}$, HNO$_{3}$, NO$_{2}$, and PM$_{2.5}$ at two urban, one suburban, and two rural sites in the NCP. The annual average concentrations of NH$_{3}$, NO$_{2}$, and HNO$_{3}$ across the five sites were in the ranges 8.5–23.0, 22.2–50.5, and 5.5–9.7 μg m$^{−3}$, respectively, showing no significant spatial differences for NH$_{3}$ and HNO$_{3}$ but significantly higher NO$_{2}$ concentration at the urban sites. At each site, annual average concentrations of NH$_{3}$ and NO$_{2}$ showed increasing and decreasing trends, respectively, while there was no obvious trend in annual HNO$_{3}$ concentrations. Daily PM$_{2.5}$ concentrations ranged from 11.8 to 621.0 μg m$^{−3}$ at the urban site, from 19.8 to 692.9 μg m$^{−3}$ at the suburban site, and from 23.9 to 754.5 μg m$^{−3}$ at the two rural sites, with more than 70 % of sampling days exceeding 75 μg m$^{−3}$. Concentrations of water-soluble ions in PM$_{2.5}$ ranked differently between the non-rural and rural sites. The three dominant ions were NH$_{4}$ $^{+}$, NO$_{3}$ $^{−}$, and SO$_{4}$ $^{2−}$ and mainly existed as (NH$_{4}$)$_{2}$SO$_{4}$, NH$_{4}$HSO$_{4}$, and NH$_{4}$NO$_{3}$, and their concentrations averaged 48.6 ± 44.9, 41.2 ± 40.8, and 49.6 ± 35.9 μg m$^{−3}$ at the urban, suburban, and rural sites, respectively. Ion balance calculations indicated that PM$_{2.5}$ was neutral at the non-rural sites but acidic at the rural sites. Seasonal variations of the gases and aerosols exhibited different patterns, depending on source emission strength and meteorological conditions. Our results suggest that a feasible pathway to control PM$_{2.5}$ pollution in the NCP should target ammonia and acid gases together.
Starting Page	1158
Ending Page	1172
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09441344
Journal	Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Volume Number	23
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	16147499
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2015-10-27
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Air pollution Reactive N PM$_{2.5}$ Control strategies Chemical characteristics The North China Plain Environment Environmental Chemistry Ecotoxicology Environmental Health Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution Medicine

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

Gas-phase ammonia and PM$_{2.5}$ ammonium in a busy traffic area of Nanjing, China

Applying land use regression model to estimate spatial variation of PM$_{2.5}$ in Beijing, China

Characteristics of ammonia, acid gases, and PM2.5 for three typical land-use types in the North China Plain

Individual exposure of graduate students to PM$_{2.5}$ and black carbon in Shanghai, China

Burden of disease attributed to ambient PM$_{2.5}$ and PM$_{10}$ exposure in 190 cities in China

Concentrations, properties, and health risk of PM$_{2.5}$ in the Tianjin City subway system

PM$_{10}$ and PM$_{2.5}$ composition over the Central Black Sea: origin and seasonal variability

Trends in arsenic levels in PM$_{10}$ and PM$_{2.5}$ aerosol fractions in an industrialized area

Ammonia in the atmosphere: a review on emission sources, atmospheric chemistry and deposition on terrestrial bodies

Characteristics of ammonia, acid gases, and PM$_{2.5}$ for three typical land-use types in the North China Plain

Similar Documents

Gas-phase ammonia and PM$_{2.5}$ ammonium in a busy traffic area of Nanjing, China

Applying land use regression model to estimate spatial variation of PM$_{2.5}$ in Beijing, China

Characteristics of ammonia, acid gases, and PM2.5 for three typical land-use types in the North China Plain

Individual exposure of graduate students to PM$_{2.5}$ and black carbon in Shanghai, China

Burden of disease attributed to ambient PM$_{2.5}$ and PM$_{10}$ exposure in 190 cities in China

Concentrations, properties, and health risk of PM$_{2.5}$ in the Tianjin City subway system

PM$_{10}$ and PM$_{2.5}$ composition over the Central Black Sea: origin and seasonal variability

Trends in arsenic levels in PM$_{10}$ and PM$_{2.5}$ aerosol fractions in an industrialized area

Ammonia in the atmosphere: a review on emission sources, atmospheric chemistry and deposition on terrestrial bodies

Characteristics of ammonia, acid gases, and PM$_{2.5}$ for three typical land-use types in the North China Plain