NDLI: Recent developments in the rapid analysis of plants and tracking their bioactive constituents

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Recent developments in the rapid analysis of plants and tracking their bioactive constituents

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Beek, Teris A. Tetala, Kishore K. R. Koleva, Irina I. Dapkevicius, Airidas Exarchou, Vassiliki Jeurissen, Suzanne M. F. Claassen, Frank W. Klift, Elbert J. C.
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	Natural products chemistry has witnessed many new developments in the last 5 years like extractions with subcritical water and ionic liquids, LC/HRMS and LC/SPE/cryo-NMR, UHPLC, TLC/MS, MS-based preparative HPLC, comprehensive chromatography (GC × GC, LC × LC), high-throughput screening, introduction of monolithic columns, miniaturisation, and automated structure identification. Nevertheless identifying bioactive constituents in complex plant extracts remains a tedious process. The classical approach of bioassay guided fractionation is time-consuming while off-line screening of extracts does not provide information on individual compounds and sometimes suffers from false positives or negatives. One way out of this is by coupling chromatography with chemical or biochemical assays, so called high resolution screening. An example is the development of HPLC on-line assays for antioxidants. By the post-column addition of a relatively stable coloured radical like DPPH$^{•}$ or ABTS$^{•+}$, radical scavengers are detected as negative peaks because in a reaction coil they reduce the model radical to its reduced, non-coloured form. When combined with LC/DAD/MS and LC/SPE/NMR, reliable identification of active constituents becomes possible without the necessity of ever isolating them in a classical sense. Also for finding leads for new drugs, combining HPLC with biochemical assays is interesting but technically more difficult. Most enzymes do not work at the organic modifier concentrations commonly encountered in RP-HPLC and the reaction time is often longer requiring dilution and lengthy coils respectively. Therefore, new techniques have to be implemented to gain the required sensitivity for on-line enzyme assays. For stable analytes, high temperature LC offers a solution to the organic modifier problem. When enzymes are highly expensive, like those used in the screening for Cytochrome P450 inhibitors, miniaturisation to chip format may offer a way out. Microreactors (chips) are not only useful for miniaturising larger assays but also offer completely new prospects in phytochemical analysis. One such application is in the sample clean-up of acids and bases like alkaloids. In a lay-out of three parallel channels of 100 μm width with the middle one containing organic phase and the two outer ones water of high pH (feed phase) and low pH (trapping phase) such a chip replaces two classical LLE steps but is much faster and requires less solvents and less manpower input.
Starting Page	387
Ending Page	399
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15687767
Journal	Phytochemistry Reviews
Volume Number	8
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	1572980X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2009-03-04
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Modern phytochemistry On-line HPLC High resolution screening Radical scavenging Liquid–liquid extraction chip Chemistry/Food Science Organic Chemistry Biochemistry Plant Genetics & Genomics Plant Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Plant Science Biotechnology

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