NDLI: Representation of the Impact of Smoke on Agent Walking Speeds in Evacuation Models

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Ronchi, E. Gwynne, S. M. V. Purser, D. A. Colonna, P.
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	This paper addresses the problem of reproducing the effect of different visibility conditions on people’s walking speed when using evacuation models. In particular, different strategies regarding the use of default settings and embedded data-sets are investigated. Currently, the correlation between smoke and walking speed is typically based on two different sets of experimental data produced by (1) Jin and (2) Frantzich and Nilsson. The two data-sets present different experimental conditions, but are often applied as if equivalent. In addition, models may implement the same data-sets in different ways. To test the impact of this representation within evacuation tools, the authors have employed six evacuation models, making different assumptions and employing different data-sets (FDS+EVAC, Gridflow, buildingEXODUS, STEPS, Pathfinder and Simulex). A simple case-study is simulated in order to investigate the sensitivity of the representation of two key variables: (1) initial occupant speeds in clear conditions, (2) extinction coefficients. Results show that (1) evacuation times appear to be consistent if models use the same data-sets and interpret the smoke vs speed correlation in the same manner (2) the same model may provide different results if applying different data-sets or interpretations for configuring the inputs; i.e. default settings are crucial for the calculation of the model results (3) models using embedded data-sets/assumptions require user expertise, experience and understanding to be employed appropriately and the results evaluated in a credible manner.
Starting Page	411
Ending Page	431
Page Count	21
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00152684
Journal	Fire Technology
Volume Number	49
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15728099
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2012-07-25
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Evacuation modelling Human behaviour in fire Emergency evacuation Visibility Evacuation simulation Civil Engineering Mechanics Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Physics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Materials Science Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
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