NDLI: Using a relative health indicator (RHI) metric to estimate health risk reductions in drinking water

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Alfredo, Katherine A. Seidel, Chad Ghosh, Amlan Roberson, J. Alan
Copyright Year	2017
Abstract	When a new drinking water regulation is being developed, the USEPA conducts a health risk reduction and cost analysis to, in part, estimate quantifiable and non-quantifiable cost and benefits of the various regulatory alternatives. Numerous methodologies are available for cumulative risk assessment ranging from primarily qualitative to primarily quantitative. This research developed a summary metric of relative cumulative health impacts resulting from drinking water, the relative health indicator (RHI). An intermediate level of quantification and modeling was chosen, one which retains the concept of an aggregated metric of public health impact and hence allows for comparisons to be made across “cups of water,” but avoids the need for development and use of complex models that are beyond the existing state of the science. Using the USEPA Six-Year Review data and available national occurrence surveys of drinking water contaminants, the metric is used to test risk reduction as it pertains to the implementation of the arsenic and uranium maximum contaminant levels and quantify “meaningful” risk reduction. Uranium represented the threshold risk reduction against which national non-compliance risk reduction was compared for arsenic, nitrate, and radium. Arsenic non-compliance is most significant and efforts focused on bringing those non-compliant utilities into compliance with the 10 μg/L maximum contaminant level would meet the threshold for meaningful risk reduction.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	11
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01676369
Journal	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Volume Number	189
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	15732959
Language	English
Publisher	Springer International Publishing
Publisher Date	2017-02-25
Publisher Place	Cham
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Health risk Drinking water Regulation Regulatory determination USEPA Monitoring/Environmental Analysis Environmental Management Ecotoxicology Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Ecology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pollution Medicine Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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