NDLI: Holocentric chromosomes: convergent evolution, meiotic adaptations, and genomic analysis

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Melters, Daniël P. Paliulis, Leocadia V. Korf, Ian F. Chan, Simon W. L.
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	In most eukaryotes, the kinetochore protein complex assembles at a single locus termed the centromere to attach chromosomes to spindle microtubules. Holocentric chromosomes have the unusual property of attaching to spindle microtubules along their entire length. Our mechanistic understanding of holocentric chromosome function is derived largely from studies in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, but holocentric chromosomes are found over a broad range of animal and plant species. In this review, we describe how holocentricity may be identified through cytological and molecular methods. By surveying the diversity of organisms with holocentric chromosomes, we estimate that the trait has arisen at least 13 independent times (four times in plants and at least nine times in animals). Holocentric chromosomes have inherent problems in meiosis because bivalents can attach to spindles in a random fashion. Interestingly, there are several solutions that have evolved to allow accurate meiotic segregation of holocentric chromosomes. Lastly, we describe how extensive genome sequencing and experiments in nonmodel organisms may allow holocentric chromosomes to shed light on general principles of chromosome segregation.
Starting Page	579
Ending Page	593
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09673849
Journal	Chromosome Research
Volume Number	20
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	15736849
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2012-07-06
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	centromere holocentric meiosis phylogeny tandem repeat chromosome Animal Genetics and Genomics Cell Biology Plant Genetics & Genomics Human Genetics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Genetics

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