NDLI: Association of total cancer and lung cancer with environmental exposure to cadmium: the meta-analytical evidence

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Nawrot, Tim S. Martens, Dries S. Hara, Azusa Plusquin, Michelle Vangronsveld, Jaco Roels, Harry A. Staessen, Jan A.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Recent studies are indicative of substantial progress in understanding the dose–response relation between the incidence of total and lung cancer and environmental cadmium exposure. We conducted a meta-analysis of population studies that examined the risk of cancer in relation to lifetime exposure to cadmium. We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, and relevant reviews until August 2014 for studies on the association between cancer risk and cadmium exposure. Eligible studies had to include an estimate of lifetime exposure to cadmium as reflected by the urinary cadmium concentration and adjustment of the cancer risk at least for age and smoking. We pooled relative risk across the studies estimates for cancer and lung cancer using variance-weighted random-effect models and expressed association sizes for a twofold increase in urinary cadmium, thereby respecting the continuous nature of the association.The meta-analysis included 20,459 participants from three prospective population studies. The average urinary cadmium concentration across populations ranged from 0.25 to 0.93 µg/g creatinine. The relative risk of total cancer, associated with a doubling of the urinary cadmium concentration, ranged across the different studies from 1.18 to 1.31, and the pooled relative risk was 1.22 (95 % CI 1.13–1.31; p < 0.0001). For lung cancer, the relative risk ranged from 1.21 to 1.70 for a doubling of the urinary cadmium concentration, while the pooled relative risk amounted to 1.68 (1.47–1.92; p < 0.0001). Excluding one study at the time did not move the pooled estimates outside the confidence interval of the overall estimate for all studies combined. The epidemiological evidence of the last decade consistently identifies low-level environmental exposure to cadmium as a risk factor for total cancer and lung cancer.
Starting Page	1281
Ending Page	1288
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09575243
Journal	Cancer Causes & Control
Volume Number	26
Issue Number	9
e-ISSN	15737225
Language	English
Publisher	Springer International Publishing
Publisher Date	2015-06-25
Publisher Place	Cham
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Cadmium Epidemiology Cancer Lung cancer Meta-analysis Cancer Research Biomedicine general Oncology Public Health Hematology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cancer Research Oncology

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