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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Aeschlimann, J. P. |
| Copyright Year | 1997 |
| Abstract | Carthamus lanatus L. (Compositae, saffron thistle) is a major weed of worldwide distribution that originated in southern Europe. Surveys, rearings, tests of specificity, and in-depth field studies undertaken between 1990 and 1995 have considerably improved our understanding of the complex of natural enemies associated withC. lanatus in its native range.The root-feeding fly,Botanophila turcica Hennig (Dipt.: Anthomyiidae) is herewith recorded for the first time fromC. lanatus; the rosette rust fungus,Puccinia sommieriana Saccardo (Basid.: Pucciniaceae) is reported for the first time fromC. lanatus in Greece; the flowerhead fly,Urophora mauritanica Macquart (Dipt.: Tephritidae) is shown to concentrate its attacks onC. lanatus in the field in presence of the closely relatedCarthamus tinctorius L. (cultivated safflower). According to site and year the direct mortality caused by each of these three organisms to populations ofC. lanatus fluctuated between 10 and 50%. In addition, each of them had a whole range of indirect effects of some importance onC. lanatus populations, all of which were also cumulative.Strong phenological (in the case ofB. turcica), and practical evidence (field records, plus results of host specificity tests) are presented, and discussed which document the fact that the three phytophagous species may be considered as specifically attackingC. lanatus, but without damaging field crops of its close relative,C. tinctorius.Contrary to traditional belief, biological control may therefore be considered a promising, safe approach for reducingC. lanatus populations.Prospections, dissections, élevages au laboratoire et études détaillées en sites permanents, effectués de 1990 à 1995 en Europe méridionale dans toute la région d’origine deCarthamus lanatus L. (Compositae), une mauvaise herbe de grande importance économique à travers le monde, ont permis d’approfondir notablement la connaissance de ses ennemis naturels.La mouche des rosettes (Botanophila turcica Hennig; Dipt. : Anthomyiidae) a ainsi été détectée pour la première fois surC. lanatus. La rouillePuccinia sommieriana Saccardo (Basid. : Pucciniaceae) est signalée pour la première fois de Grèce sur cette adventice. Enfin, il est montré que la mouche des capitulesUrophora mauritanica Macquart (Dipt. : Anthomyiidae) concentre ses attaques en champ surC. lanatus. Chacun de ces trois organismes a engendré sur les populations de la mauvaise herbe une mortalité directe fluctuant entre 10 et 50 % suivant les sites et les années, induisant en outre des effets indirects de moindre importance, certes, mais apparemment tous cumulatifs.Ces trois espèces de phytophages peuvent être considérées comme pratiquement inféodées àC. lanatus. Ils ne présentent donc aucun danger pour les cultures de carthame cultivé (C. tinctorius L.), pourtant très proche parent de l’adventice, pour des raisons tenant à leur incompatibilité phénologique (dans le cas deB. turcica notamment). L’absence de tout relevé signalant leur présence surC. tinctorius dans une aire où les deux espèces végétales cohabitent depuis des décennies, et les résultats des premiers tests de spécificité confortent en outre cette hypothèse.Contrairement aux appréhensions formulées jusqu’ici, la lutte biologique constitue donc une solution réellement prometteuse pour l’avenir en vue de réduire les populations nuisibles de cette mauvaise herbe. |
| Starting Page | 559 |
| Ending Page | 568 |
| Page Count | 10 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 00138959 |
| Journal | BioControl |
| Volume Number | 42 |
| Issue Number | 4 |
| e-ISSN | 15738248 |
| Language | French |
| Publisher | Springer Netherlands |
| Publisher Date | 1997-01-01 |
| Publisher Place | Dordrecht |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | weed biological control Carthamus lanatus Carthamus tinctorius natural enemies phenological specificity Entomology Plant Pathology Agriculture Animal Ecology Animal Biochemistry Behavioural Sciences |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Plant Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Agricultural and Biological Sciences |
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