NDLI: Disequilibrium Between Alveolar and End-Pulmonary-Capillary O2 Tension in Altitude Hypoxia and Respiratory Disease: An Update of a Mathematical Model of Human Respiration at Altitude

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Wolf, Matthew B. Garner, Robert P.
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	We have previously formulated and validated a mathematical model specifically designed to describe human respiratory behavior at altitude. In that model, we assumed equality of alveolar and end-pulmonary-capillary oxygen tensions. However, this equality may not hold true during rapid and prolonged changes to high altitudes producing severe hypoxia as can occur in aircraft cabin decompressions and in some respiratory diseases. We currently investigate this possibility by modifying our previous model to include the dynamics of oxygen exchange across the pulmonary capillary. The updated model was validated against limited experimental data on ventilation and gas tensions in various altitude-decompression scenarios. The updated model predicts that during rapid and sustained decompressions to high altitudes the disequilibrium of gas tensions between alveolar gas and capillary blood could be 10 Torr, or larger. Neglecting this effect underestimates the severity of a decompression and its potential to produce unconsciousness and subsequent brain damage. In light of these results, we also examined the effect of this disequilibrium on the diminished oxygen diffusion capacity that can occur in some respiratory diseases. We found that decreases in diffusion capacity which would have minimal effects at sea level produced significant disequilibrium of gas tensions and a large fall in hemoglobin oxygen saturation at a cabin altitude of 4000–8000 ft. As demonstrated, this new model could serve as an important tool to examine the important physiological consequences of decompression scenarios in aircraft and the pathophysiological situations in which the equilibrium of gas tensions along the pulmonary capillary are particularly critical.
Starting Page	1818
Ending Page	1826
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00906964
Journal	Annals of Biomedical Engineering
Volume Number	37
Issue Number	9
e-ISSN	15739686
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2009-07-01
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Control of respiration Altitude hypoxia Oxygen diffusion Mathematical model Blood–gas oxygen disequilibrium Aircraft cabin decompression Hypoxemia Respiratory disease Biochemistry Mechanics Biophysics/Biomedical Physics Biomedical Engineering Biomedicine general
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomedical Engineering

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