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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Börner, D. Quade, S. Herzog, S. |
| Copyright Year | 1999 |
| Abstract | Der Anbau forstlich relevanter Baumarten im Altersklassenwald, in den letzten Jahrzehnten, führte zu einer qualitativen und quantitativen Dezimierung der Artenvielfalt bei den zum Wildverbiß geeigneten Laubhölzern. Um den natürlichen Äsungsbedarf an rohfaserreicher Nahrung decken zu können, nutzt das Rotwild in artenverarmten Biotopen Forstpflanzen. Eine Möglichkeit, diese regional teilweise erheblichen materiellen Schäden kompensieren zu können, ist die Anlage von Verbißgehölzflächen (Tabelle 1). Durch diese Flächen kommt es zu einer Verminderung des Verbißdruckes an Wirtschaftsbaumarten und an der sonstigen Sukzession der Kraut- und Strauchschicht.Die Auswertung eines Versuches zum Anbau von 5 unterschiedlichen Gehölzarten als Proßholz macht die großen Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen untersuchten Arten deutlich (Tabelle 5). Grundlage für die Bearbeitung des Themas war die Untersuchung verschiedener relevanter Merkmale für Verbißpflanzen. Dabei wurde auf Inhaltsstoffe, Futterproduktion (Abbildung 1), Regenerations-vermögen der Pflanzen (Tabelle 3) und die abnehmende Nettofutterproduktion der Gehölze mit und ohne Rückschnitt (Abbildung 2) sowie auf die durch das Rotwild genutzte Futtermasse (Abbildung 3) und die Verbißintensität zur Ermittlung der Äsungsbevorzugung (Abbildung 4) eingegangen. Nicht zuletzt sollten Kostenunterschiede zur Entscheidungsfindung für die Bewirtschaftung von Verbißflächen Beachtung finden (Abbildung 5).Bezüglich ihres Einflusses auf die Eignung als Verbißgehölz wurden die Ergebnisse zu den einzelnen Gehölzen unterschiedlich stark gewichtet. Danach erfolgte die Festlegung einer Rangfolge (Tabelle 4). Demnach sindSalix cordata, Salix alba undCornus alba in dieser beschriebenen Reihenfolge als Verbißgehölz, unter den im Versuch vorgefundenen Bedingungen, als geeignet zu betrachten. Der Anbau von Eunymus europaeus kann nur mit Einschränkungen empfohlen werden.Ligustrum vulgare ist unter den standörtlichen Bedingungen des Versuches weniger geeignet.Bei einer zielgerichteten Fortsetzung der naturnahen Waldbewirtschaftung, mit einer Vielzahl von Baum- und auch Straucharten, verliert die Anlage von speziellen Verbißholzflächen in den nächsten Jahrzehnten an Bedeutung. Um aber dieses Ziel langfristig praktisch umsetzen zu können, hat die Anlage und Unterhaltung von Verbißholzflächen durchaus ihre Berechtigung und sollte von forstlicher Seite unterstützt werden.During the past decades the planting of timber species has led to a qualitative and quantitative decimation of the species abundance among suitable deciduous forage trees and shrubs. In order to cover their natural demand for fiber rich browse, red deer browse on timber trees in species poor biotopes. A possibility to compensate for the often great demage caused by this browsing is the establishment of plantings with appropriate browse species (Table 1). These planted areas help alleviate the browsing pressure on the timber trees as well as on the succession of other shrub and herb species.The evaluation of a planting trial for 5 different woody species as possible browse clearly showed the great differences in their suitability and acceptance (Table 5). The basis for evaluation was the investigation of various relevant characteristics of browse plants. Nutrient contents, forage production (Figure 1) regeneration potential (Table 3), and the decrease in net forage production with and without trimming (Figure 2), as well as the forage mass used by the red deer (Figure 3) and the browsing intensity to determine preferences (Figure 4) were all taken into consideration. Finally cost differences as a decision factor in the establishment of browse areas were included (Figure 5).The results for the individual species tested were weighted in accordance to their influence on their suitability as browse. From this the species were listed in order of preference (Table 4). Salix cordata, Salix alba, and Cornus alba in this sequence are suited as browse species under the conditions prevailing in these trials. The planting of Euonymus europea can only be recommended with limitations. Ligustrum vulgare is less appropriate under the site conditions of the trials.If the present trend of natural forest management with multiple tree and shrub species continues, then the establishment of special browse plantings will be of less importance in the next decades. In order to promote the feasibility of this long term goal the establishment and management of browse plantings should be continued and encouraged.L'installation, au cours des dernières décennies, d'essences de production a conduit à une décimation qualitative et quantitative de la diversité spécifique des essences feuillues comme source d'alimentation ligneuse pour les herbivores sauvages. Afin de subvenir à ses besoins naturels en nourriture fibreuse, le Cerf s'en prend, dans des biotopes forestiers appauvris sur le plan de la diversité végétale, à des plants d'essences à vocation économique. Une possibilité de compenser ce dommage localement important consiste en l'installation de cultures d'essences de brout (Tab. 1). Ces surfaces peuvent entraîner une diminution de la pression d'abroutissement sur des essences économiques ainsi que sur la succession des autres strates herbacées et arbustives.Le dépouillement des données d'un essai d'implantation de 5 essences ligneuses montre de grandes différences entre celles-ci (Tab. 5). L'étude de caractéristiques appropriées des plants abroutis constitue un préalable pour traiter ce thème: aussi, la composition, la production alimentaire (Fig. 1), la capacité de régénération des plants (Tab. 3) et la diminution de la production alimentaire nette des arbustes selon qu'ils sont recépés ou non (Fig. 2) de même que la masse végétale utilisée par le Cerf (Fig. 3) et l'intensité d'abroutissement comme indice de préférence (Fig. 4) ont été analysées. Finalement des différences de coût doivent intervenir pour décider de l'opportunité de développer des surfaces de brout (Fig. 5).En vue d'établir une échelle préférentielle (Tab. 4), une pondération est intervenue pour les différentes caractéristiques étudiées. Ainsi, dans l'ordre,Salix cordata, S. alba etCornus alba sont, dans les conditions de l'essai, à considérer comme essences de brout convenables. L'installation d'Evonymus europaeus ne peut être recommandée qu'avec des réserves.Ligustrum vulgare s'est révélé moins adapté aux conditions stationnelles.Dans la perspective d'un aménagement forestier naturel visant une multiplicité d'essences d'arbres et d'arbustes, l'installation de gagnages ligneux spécifiques perdra de son importance dans les prochaines décennies. Afin cependant de procéder à cette conversion de longue haleine, l'installation et l'entretien de gagnages ligneux est largement justifiée et doit être soutenue par les gestionnaires forestiers. |
| Starting Page | 174 |
| Ending Page | 186 |
| Page Count | 13 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 00442887 |
| Journal | European Journal of Wildlife Research |
| Volume Number | 45 |
| Issue Number | 3 |
| e-ISSN | 14390574 |
| Language | French |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 1999-01-01 |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Animal Ecology Zoology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Ecology Animal Science and Zoology |
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