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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Ostrovsky, Vladimir N. |
| Copyright Year | 2007 |
| Abstract | Groundwater formation within arid and super-arid deserts is discussed through comparative analysis. Although fresh groundwater is being formed in both types of deserts, mainly from infiltrated surface runoff, in arid deserts, infiltration is currently taking place, whereas in super-arid areas, it occurred mainly in the Pleistocene pluvial epoch. Groundwater discharge conditions are also different. In arid deserts, the discharge occurs mainly through transpiration by phreatophytes, which form phyto-hydrogeological ecosystems where the dominant factor is an interaction between groundwater and vegetation, with transpiration reaching over hundreds of mm/year and the thickness of the groundwater evaporation zone extending over 10 m. Active subsurface water exchange does not favor the preservation of Pleistocene fossil groundwater. Super-arid deserts, however, have an extremely scarce vegetative cover (low, if any), physical evaporation, a thin zone of evaporation influence, and slow water outflow. Favorable conditions therefore exist for the preservation of relict low-mineralized waters. Furthermore, arid and super-arid deserts differ by types of groundwater accumulation and horizontal and vertical zonalities. In arid deserts, hydrogeological problems are connected with the anthropogenic influence upon groundwater, and with control on rational use of surface water and groundwater. In super-arid deserts, the basic problem is depletion of fossil groundwater.La formation d’eaux souterraines dans les déserts arides et super arides est discutée à travers une analyse comparative. Bien que l’eau souterraine douce soit formée dans les deux types de déserts, surtout à partir des ruissellements de surface qui s’infiltrent, l’infiltration dans les déserts arides est courante alors qu’elle fut courante dans le deuxième cas lors de l’époque pluvieuse du Pléistocène. Les conditions de déversement des eaux souterraines sont également différentes. Dans les déserts arides le déversement apparaît essentiellement via la transpiration des phréatophytes, qui forment des écosystèmes phyto-hydrogéologiques où le facteur dominant est une interaction entre l’eau souterraine et la végétation, la transpiration pouvant atteindre plusieurs centaines de mm/an et une épaisseur de la zone d’évaporation qui s’étend sur plus de 10 m. Les échanges actuels d’eau en subsurface ne favorisent par la préservation des eaux souterraines fossiles du Pléistocène. Les déserts super-arides, cependant, possèdent une couverture végétale très rare et une faible évaporation physique si il en existe une, une zone d’influence de l’évaporation très mince, et des écoulements d’eau très lents. Les conditions sont dés lors favorables pour la préservation d’eaux relictes à faible minéralisation. De plus, les déserts arides et super-arides diffèrent par les types d’accumulation des eaux souterraines et par les zonalités horizontales et verticales. Les problèmes hydrogéologiques dans les déserts arides sont connectés à une influence anthropogénique des eaux souterraines, et à un contrôle de l’utilisation rationnelle des eaux de surface et souterraines. Dans les déserts super-arides le problème de base est la diminution des eaux souterraines fossiles.La formación de Agua subterránea dentro de los desiertos áridos y súper-áridos se discute a través del análisis comparativo. Aunque el agua subterránea dulce está formándose en ambos tipos de desierto, principalmente a partir del escurrimiento superficial infiltrado, la infiltración de los desiertos áridos está ocurriendo actualmente, mientras que en las áreas súper-áridas ocurrió principalmente en la época lluviosa Pleistocena. Las condiciones de la descarga de agua subterránea también son diferentes. En los desiertos áridos la descarga ocurre principalmente a través de la transpiración por freatofitas, que forman ecosistemas fito-hidrogeológicos, dónde el factor dominante es una interacción entre el agua subterránea y vegetación con transpiración que alcanza centenares de mm/año y el espesor de la zona de evaporación de agua subterránea se extiende por encima de 10 m. El intercambio activo de agua subsuperficial no favorece la preservación del agua subterránea pleistocénica fósil. Sin embargo, los desiertos súper-áridos, tienen una cubierta vegetativa sumamente escasa; evaporación física baja, si esta existe; una zona delgada de influencia de evaporación, y salida de agua lenta. Existen por consiguiente, condiciones favorables para la preservación de relictos de agua con baja mineralización. Además, los desiertos áridos y súper-áridos difieren por los tipos de acumulación del agua subterránea y la zonalidad horizontal y vertical. En desiertos áridos, los problemas hidrogeológicos están conectados con la influencia antropogénica en el agua subterránea, y con el control en el uso racional del agua superficial y subterránea. En los desiertos súper-áridos el problema básico es el vaciamiento de agua subterránea fósil. |
| Starting Page | 759 |
| Ending Page | 771 |
| Page Count | 13 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 15 |
| Issue Number | 4 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2007-04-24 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Arid regions Groundwater recharge Evaporation Precipitation Runoff Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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