NDLI: The bailer test: a simple effective pumping test for assessing borehole success

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	MacDonald, A. M. Barker, J. A. Davies, J.
Copyright Year	2008
Abstract	A new pumping test method has been designed around the practical requirements of those working in rural water-supply projects in developing countries. The bailer test needs only simple equipment and can be completed in under 1 h. The test involves removing 20–50 bails from a borehole over a 10-min period and then measuring the recovery. The test is analysed using large-diameter-well analysis (which accounts for well storage) and is appropriate for testing low productivity aquifers (transmissivity 0.1–10 m$^{2}$ d$^{–1}$), where water levels are shallow (<20 m depth). The bailer test was developed and trialled in a rural water supply project in Nigeria where it was found to predict similar transmissivity to 5-h constant rate tests (r $^{2}$=0.9). Analysis of the test was further simplified to provide guidelines for field staff such as community health workers. The likelihood of a borehole sustaining a handpump for 250 people can be indicated by measuring the maximum drawdown and time for 50 and 75% recovery from a bailer test and comparing to a simple table. This simplified test is now being used in this and other rural water-supply projects, and has been modified to indicate whether a borehole can sustain higher yields for small-scale irrigation.Une nouvelle méthode de pompage d’essai a été élaborée à partir des exigences pratiques de ceux qui travaillent sur des projets d’adduction d’eau dans les pays en voie de développement. Le pompage d’essai par écopage n’a besoin que d’un équipement simple et peut être réalisé en moins d’une heure. L’essai implique le prélèvement de 20 à 25 écopes dans un forage pendant une période de 10 min et ensuite la mesure de la remontée. L’essai est exploité en utilisant l’analyse destinée aux puits à grand diamètre (ce qui rend compte de l’emmagasinement du puits) et est indiqué pour tester les aquifères à faible productivité (transmissivité de 0.1 à 10 m$^{2}$ d$^{–1}$), où les niveaux d’eau sont peu profonds (<20 m de profondeur). Le pompage d’essai par écopage a été développé et testé dans un projet d’adduction d’eau rural en Nigeria où on a trouvé qu’il prévoyait des transmissivités similaires à celles des essais à débit constant de 5 heures (r $^{2}$=0.9). L’analyse de l’essai a été davantage simplifiée afin de fournir des lignes directrices à du personnel de terrain tel que des chargés de la santé publique. La probabilité qu’un forage accepte une pompe à main pour 250 personnes peut être démontrée par la mesure du rabattement maximum et de temps de remontée de 50 et de 75% à partir d’un pompage d’essai par puisage et par comparaison avec une simple abaque. Ce test simplifié est utilisé maintenant pour ce dernier et pour d’autres projets d’adduction d’eau ruraux, et a été modifié pour montrer si un forage peut supporter des débits supérieurs pour une irrigation à petite échelle.Un nuevo método de bombeo se ha desarrollado con la practicidad que requieren aquellos que trabajan en abastecimiento de agua en ámbitos rurales de países en vías de desarrollo. El ensayo de extracción de agua (bailer test) requiere equipamiento muy simple y puede completarse en menos de una hora. El ensayo consiste en extraer de la perforación 20–50 volúmenes del contenedor en un período de 10 min y luego medir la recuperación. El ensayo se analiza utilizando pozos de gran diámetro (que tiene en cuenta el almacenamiento en el pozo), y resulta apropiado para verificar el comportamiento de acuíferos de baja productividad (transmisividad 0.1–10 m$^{2 }$d$^{–1}$), con niveles de agua someros (profundidad <20 m). El ensayo de extracción de agua se desarrolló y se implementó en un proyecto de suministro de agua en un sector rural de Nigeria, y se halló que era capaz de predecir transmisividades similares a aquellas provenientes de ensayos de bombeo de 5 horas a caudal constante (r $^{2}$=0.9). El análisis del ensayo fue simplificado a fin de facilitar la tarea del personal de campo, tales como trabajadores comunitarios. La probabilidad de que una perforación provista con una bomba de mano pueda abastecer a 250 personas puede deducirse midiendo el descenso máximo de nivel, el tiempo que requiere una recuperación del 50 y del 75% según el ensayo de extracción de agua, y comparándolos con los datos de una tabla simple. Este ensayo simplificado está siendo usado en el proyecto mencionado y en otros de abastecimiento a áreas rurales, y ha sido modificado para indicar si una perforación puede servir para extraer mayores caudales para proyectos de riego de pequeña escala.
Starting Page	1065
Ending Page	1075
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	16
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2008-02-15
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Africa Nigeria Hydraulic testing Water supply Groundwater development Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geology Water Quality/Water Pollution Geophysics/Geodesy Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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