NDLI: Evidence for deep groundwater flow and convective heat transport in mountainous terrain, Delta County, Colorado, USA

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Lazear, Gregory D.
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	The Tongue Creek watershed lies on the south flank of Grand Mesa in western Colorado, USA and is a site with 1.5 km of topographic relief, heat flow of 100 mW/m$^{2}$, thermal conductivity of 3.3 W m$^{–1}$ °C$^{–1}$, hydraulic conductivity of 10$^{-8}$ m/s, a water table that closely follows surface topography, and groundwater temperatures 3–15°C above mean surface temperatures. These data suggest that convective heat transport by groundwater flow has modified the thermal regime of the site. Steady state three-dimensional numerical simulations of heat flow, groundwater flow, and convective transport were used to model these thermal and hydrological data. The simulations provided estimates for the scale of hydraulic conductivity and bedrock base flow discharge within the watershed. The numerical models show that (1) complex three-dimensional flow systems develop with a range of scales from tens of meters to tens of kilometers; (2) mapped springs are frequently found at locations where contours of hydraulic head indicate strong vertical flow at the water table, and; (3) the distribution of groundwater temperatures in water wells as a function of surface elevation is predicted by the model.Le bassin-versant de Tongue Creek s’étend sur le flanc sud de la Grande Mesa dans l’Ouest du Colorado, USA; c’est un site présentant 1.5 km de relief topographique, une circulation de chaleur de 100 mW/m$^{2}$, une conductivité thermique de 3.3 W m$^{–1}$ °C$^{–1}$, et une conductivité hydraulique de 10$^{−8}$ m/s, une nappe suivant assez bien la surface topographique, et une température des eaux souterraines comprise entre 3 et 15°C au dessus de la température moyenne en surface. Ces données suggèrent que le transport convectif de chaleur via l’écoulement des eaux souterraines, a modifié le régime thermique du site. Des simulations numériques du transport de chaleur, de l’écoulement des eaux souterraines et du transport convectif ont été utilisées ces données thermiques et hydrologiques. Ces simulations ont apporté des estimations quant à l’échelle des conductivités hydrauliques et l’écoulement de base au sein du bassin-versant. Le modèle numérique montre que (1) les systèmes complexes d’écoulement tridimensionnel étendent des perméabilités comprises entre plusieurs dizaines de mètres jusqu’à plusieurs dizaines de kilomètres, (2) les sources cartographiées sont fréquemment localisées là où la piézométrie indique générallement des écoulements verticaux forts, et (3) la distribution de la température des eaux souterraines dans les puits, en tant que fonction de l’altitude, est prédite par le modèle.La cuenca del arroyo Tongue queda en el costado sur de la Gran Mesa, en la parte occidental de Colorado, EE.UU. Es un sitio con 1.5 km de relieve topográfico, un flujo de calor de 100 mW/m$^{2}$, una conductividad térmica de 3.3 W m$^{–1}$ °C$^{–1}$, conductividad hidráulica de 10$^{−8}$ m/s, un nivel freático que sigue estrechamente a la superficie topográfica, y temperaturas del agua subterránea que están entre 3–15°C sobre las temperaturas medias de superficie. Estos datos sugieren que el transporte convectivo de calor, debido al flujo de agua subterránea ha modificado el régimen térmico del sitio. Las simulaciones numéricas tridimensionales en condiciones estacionarias de flujo de calor, flujo de agua subterránea, y transporte convectivo, se usaron para modelar estos datos térmicos e hidrológicos. Las simulaciones proporcionan estimativos para el nivel de conductividad hidráulica y para la descarga de flujo base desde el lecho rocoso dentro de la cuenca. Los modelos numéricos muestran que: (1) los sistemas de flujo tridimensionales complejos, se desarrollan con un rango de tamaño variando entre decenas de metros a decenas de kilómetros; (2) Los manantiales cartografiados se encuentran con frecuencia en situaciones dónde los contornos de cabeza hidráulica indican un flujo vertical fuerte en el nivel freático, y (3) La distribución de temperaturas del agua subterránea en los pozos de agua, son predichas por el modelo en función de la elevación de la superficie.
Starting Page	1582
Ending Page	1598
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	14
Issue Number	8
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2006-07-18
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Mountainous terrain Groundwater flow Convection Heat flow Springs Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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