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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Heilweil, Victor M. Solomon, D. Kip Gingerich, Stephen B. Verstraeten, Ingrid M. |
| Copyright Year | 2009 |
| Abstract | Stable isotopes (δ$^{18}$O, δ$^{2}$H), tritium ($^{3}$H), and helium isotopes ($^{3}$He, $^{4}$He) were used for evaluating groundwater recharge sources, flow paths, and residence times of three watersheds in the Cape Verde Islands (West Africa). Stable isotopes indicate the predominance of high-elevation precipitation that undergoes little evaporation prior to groundwater recharge. In contrast to other active oceanic hotspots, environmental tracers show that deep geothermal circulation does not strongly affect groundwater. Low tritium concentrations at seven groundwater sites indicate groundwater residence times of more than 50 years. Higher tritium values at other sites suggest some recent recharge. High $^{4}$He and $^{3}$He/$^{4}$He ratios precluded $^{3}$H/$^{3}$He dating at six sites. These high $^{3}$He/$^{4}$He ratios (R/R$_{a}$ values of up to 8.3) are consistent with reported mantle derived helium of oceanic island basalts in Cape Verde and provided end-member constraints for improved dating at seven other locations. Tritium and $^{3}$H/$^{3}$He dating shows that São Nicolau Island’s Ribeira Fajã Basin has groundwater residence times of more than 50 years, whereas Fogo Island’s Mosteiros Basin and Santo Antão Island’s Ribeira Paul Basin contain a mixture of young and old groundwater. Young ages at selected sites within these two basins indicate local recharge and potential groundwater susceptibility to surface contamination and/or salt-water intrusion.Les isotopes stables (δ$^{18}$O, δ$^{2}$H), tritium ($^{3}$H), et hélium ($^{3}$He, $^{4}$He) ont été utilisés pour caractériser les origines de recharge, les trajectoires d’écoulements et les temps de séjour dans trois aquifères distincts des Iles du Cap Vert (Afrique de l’Ouest). Les isotopes stables indiquent la prédominance de précipitations importantes subissant une faible évaporation avant recharge de l’aquifère. A la différence d’autres points chauds océaniques actifs, les traceurs environnementaux montrent que la circulation géothermale profonde n’affecte pas fortement l’aquifère. De faibles concentrations en tritium sur sept sites de prélèvement indiquent des temps de séjour de plus de 50 ans. Des valeurs plus élevées sur d’autres sites suggèrent plutôt une recharge plus récente.Une concentration $^{4}$He élevée et des ratios $^{3}$He/$^{4}$He élevés excluaient la datation $^{3}$H/$^{3}$He sur six sites. Ces ratios $^{3}$He/$^{4}$He élevés (valeurs R/R$_{a}$ jusqu’à 8.3) sont compatibles avec les valeurs He sur basaltes d’iles océaniques du Cap Vert considérés comme mantelliques et ont fourni des valeurs limites pour des datations fiables sur sept autres sites. La datation tritium et $^{3}$H/$^{3}$He montre que l’eau du bassin Ribeira Fajã, Ile São Nicolau, a un temps de séjour de plus de 50 ans, alors que le bassin Mosteiros, Ile Fogo, et le bassin Ribeira Paul, Ile Santo Antão, contiennent un mélange d’eaux souterraines jeune et ancienne. Des âges récents sur des sites sélectionnés dans ces deux bassins indiquent une recharge locale et une vulnérabilité potentielle à la contamination superficielle et/ou à l’intrusion d’eau salée.Los isótopos estables (δ$^{18}$O, δ$^{2}$H), tritio ($^{3}$H), e isótopos de helio ($^{3}$He, $^{4}$He) se usaron para evaluar las fuentes de la recarga, la trayectoria de flujo, y el tiempo de residencia en tres cuencas en las Islas de Cabo Verde (África Occidental). Los isótopos estables indican el predominio de altas precipitaciones que sufren una baja evaporación antes de la recarga subterránea. En contraste con otros hotspots (puntos calientes) activos oceánicos, los trazadores ambientales muestran que la circulación geotermal profunda no afecta fuertemente a las aguas subterráneas. Pequeñas concentraciones de tritio en 7 sitios indican que el tiempo de residencia de las aguas subterráneas es de más que 50 años. Los valores más altos de tritio en otros sitios sugieren alguna recarga reciente. Altos valores de $^{4}$He y de los cocientes $^{3}$He/$^{4}$He impiden datar el $^{3}$H/$^{3}$He en seis sitios. Estos altos cocientes de $^{3}$He/$^{4}$He (valores de R/Ra de hasta 8.3) son consistentes con el reporte de helio proveniente del manto en los basaltos de las islas oceánicas en Cabo Verde y proveyeron la ligadura final para mejorar el datado en otras 7 localidades. Las dataciones de tritio y $^{3}$H/$^{3}$He muestran que la cuenca de Ribeira Fajã en la isla São Nicolau tiene aguas subterráneas con tiempo de residencia de más de 50 años, mientras que la cuenca Mosteiros en la isla Fogo y la cuenca Ribeira Paul en la isla Santo Antão contiene una mezcla de aguas subterráneas jóvenes y viejas. Las edades jóvenes en los sitios seleccionados dentro de estas dos cuencas indican una recarga local y una susceptibilidad potencial de las aguas subterráneas a la contaminación superficial y/o a la intrusión de agua salada.应用稳定同位素 (δ$^{18}$O、δ$^{2}$H) 、氚 ($^{3}$H) 和氦同位素 ($^{3}$He、 $^{4}$He) 评估了佛得角群岛 (西非) 三个流域地下水的补给来源、径流路径和滞留时间。稳定同位素显示, 几乎无蒸发的高海拔降水是地下水的主要补给来源。环境示踪剂显示, 与其它活动的洋壳型热点不同, 深层地热水循环对地下水无强烈影响。七处地下水样中$^{3}$H的低浓度表明地下水的滞留时间大于50年。其它地点较高含量的$^{3}$H表明了新水的补给。六处采样点的高$^{4}$He浓度和 $^{3}$He/$^{4}$He比值使得$^{3}$H /$^{3}$He定年方法失效。这些高$^{3}$He/$^{4}$He比值 (R/Ra值高达8.3) 与已报道的佛得角大洋海岛玄武岩的幔源氦组成一致, 并提供了改进另外七处采样点定年的端元约束。氚和$^{3}$H /$^{3}$He定年表明, São Nicolau 岛 Ribeira Fajã盆地地下水的滞留时间超过50年, 而Fogo岛Mosteiros盆地和Antão岛的Ribeira Paul盆地存在新水和老水的混合。这两个盆地某些区域的地下水年龄小, 表明当地补给和地下水对地表污染或盐水入侵的敏感性。Resultados de análises de isótopos estáveis de oxigénio e deutério (δ$^{18}$O, δ$^{2}$H), trítio ($^{3}$H) e hélio ($^{3}$He, $^{4}$He) em amostras de água subterrânea foram usados para avaliar a origem da recarga, as direcções de fluxo e os tempos de residência das águas subterrâneas em três bacias hidrográficas de ribeiras localizadas no arquipélago de Cabo Verde (África Ocidental). Os isótopos estáveis indicam a predominância de precipitação ocorrida a altitudes elevadas e que terá sofrido pouca evaporação antes de se infiltrar e contribuir para a recarga da água subterrânea. Em contraste com o que ocorre em outros pontos oceânicos quentes activos, os traçadores ambientais mostram que a circulação geotermal profunda não afecta de forma significativa a composição da água subterrânea. Pequenas concentrações de trítio identificadas em sete dos locais de recolha de águas subterrâneas indicam tempos de residência de mais de 50 anos. Valores de trítio superiores foram identificados em outros locais de amostragem e indiciam alguma recarga mais recente. Valores elevados de $^{4}$He e da razão isotópica $^{3}$He/$^{4}$He permitiram a datação em seis locais através do método $^{3}$H/$^{3}$He. Os valores elevados da razão $^{3}$He/$^{4}$He (valores de R/R$_{a}$ até 8.3) são consistentes com os valores de hélio de origem mantélica determinados nos basaltos das ilhas oceânicas de Cabo Verde e permitiram melhorar a datação das águas em sete dos pontos amostrados. A datação com base nos dados de trítio e da razão isotópica $^{3}$H/$^{3}$He mostra que a bacia hidrográfica da ribeira Fajã na ilha de São Nicolau tem águas subterrâneas com tempos de residência de mais de 50 anos, enquanto a bacia hidrográfica da ribeira dos Mosteiros na ilha do Fogo e a da ribeira Paul na ilha de Santo Antão contêm uma mistura de águas recentes e antigas. As idades recentes das águas subterrâneas determinadas em locais seleccionados nestas duas últimas bacias hidrográficas indicam que ocorre efectivamente recarga local e confirma a vulnerabilidade dos recursos de água subterrânea a fenómenos de contaminação e/ou intrusão salina. |
| Starting Page | 1157 |
| Ending Page | 1174 |
| Page Count | 18 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 17 |
| Issue Number | 5 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2009-02-17 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Cape Verde Islands Groundwater age Ocean island basalts (OIBs) Mantle helium Stable isotopes Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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