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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Yalcin, Tolga Yetemen, Omer |
| Copyright Year | 2009 |
| Abstract | The urban heat island (UHI) is a result of urbanization, causing local microclimatologic changes such as increase in ambient temperature. Factors causing the UHI effect are anthropogenic energy release, energy absorption by concrete, tarmac structures and traffic, although the main factor is the replacement of vegetation with man-made structures. These factors cause heating of not only local air but also subsurface and groundwater. Observations of groundwater temperatures from the urban, southern part of Istanbul (Turkey) and the rural, northern part of Istanbul revealed that the urban groundwater temperatures were 3.5°C higher than the rural. Urbanization is a direct consequence of improvements in technology and modern life. However, this comes at the cost of an ever-increasing demand for energy. Exploitation of low-enthalpy geothermal energy is an attractive alternative to fossil fuel based energies. From the environmental point of view, clean and cheap energy is the most preferable, with heat pumps being the best choice for recovery purposes. Usage of elevated groundwater temperature in the heat pumps in urban areas increases the efficiency of the heat pump system and yields more thermal energy than that of rural groundwater. This system may be applicable to Istanbul.L’ilot de chaleur urbain (ICU) est le résultat de l’urbanisation et cause des changements microclimatologiques locaux tels que l’augmentation de la température de l’air. Les facteurs responsables de l’ICU sont les rejets d’énergie anthropique, l’absorption de l’énergie par le béton et l’asphalte et le trafic, le facteur principal étant le remplacement de la végétation par des constructions. Ces facteurs entraînent un réchauffement non seulement de l’air ambiant mais également de l’eau de subsurface et souterraine. Les observations de la température de l’eau souterraine faites dans des secteurs urbains (partie sud d’Istanbul) et des secteurs ruraux (nord d’Istanbul) révèlent que la température des eaux souterraines en secteur urbain est de 3.5°C plus élevée qu’en secteur rural. L’urbanisation est une conséquence directe de l’amélioration des technologies et la vie moderne. Toutefois ceci se fait au coût d’une demande encore plus forte en énergie. L’exploitation de l’énergie thermale de basse enthalpie est une alternative attrayante à l’utilisation des combustibles fossiles. D’un point de vue environnemental, l’énergie propre et peu chère est la préférable, l’utilisation des pompes à chaleur étant le meilleur choix pour sa récupération. L’utilisation de la température élevée des eaux souterraines des zones urbaines améliore l’efficacité des systèmes de pompes à chaleur et permet de récupérer un potentiel thermique plus important que dans les eaux souterraines des secteurs ruraux. Ceci est applicable à Istanbul.La isla de calor urbano (ICU) es un resultado de la urbanización, que causa cambios microclimáticos locales tales como un incremento en la temperatura ambiente. Los factores causantes del efecto ICU son la liberación de energía antropogénica, la absorción de energía por el hormigón, estructuras asfálticos y tránsito, aunque el principal factor es el reemplazo de la vegetación con estructuras hechas por el hombre. Estos factores causan el calentamiento no sólo del aire local sino también del subsuelo y del agua subterránea. Las observaciones de las temperaturas del agua subterránea de la parte urbana sur y de la parte norte rural de Estambul (Turquía) revelaron que las temperaturas de las aguas subterráneas de la zona urbana fueron 3.5°C mayores que las de la zona rural. La urbanización es una consecuencia directa de las mejoras en tecnología y vida moderna. Sin embargo, esto viene al costo de una siempre creciente demanda de energía. La explotación de energía geotérmica de baja entalpía es una alternativa atractiva a las energías basadas en los combustibles fósiles. Desde un punto de vista ambiental, la energía limpia y barata es la preferible, siendo las bombas de calor la mejor elección para propósitos de recuperación. El uso de bombas de aguas subterráneas de elevada temperatura en áreas urbanas incrementa la eficiencia de los sistemas de bombeos calóricos y rinde más que la energía térmica de las aguas subterráneas rurales. Este sistema puede ser aplicable a Estambul.城市热岛效应(UHI)是城市化的结果。它会引起当地小气候的变化, 例如环境温度的升高。导致UHI的直接原因是人类活动引起的能量释放, 如混凝土、柏油建筑物和交通吸收的能量, 最重要的原因是人造建筑替带了植被。这些因素不仅使当地空气升温, 也使地下环境和地下水受到影响。观测对比伊斯坦布尔南部城区、北部郊区地下水的温度得知, 城区地下水温度高出约3.5℃。城市化是科技进步和生活现代化的直接结果, 但都建立在前所未有的高能耗的基础上。低焓地热能在替代化石能源方面颇具潜力。从环境角度出发, 廉价的清洁能源最为可取, 从这两方面任何角度考虑热泵都是最好的选择。城区热泵中较高的地下水温度使得热泵系统的效率提升, 相对郊区地下水, 释放了更多的地热能。这个系统可能适用于伊斯坦布尔。A ilha de calor urbano (ICU) resulta da urbanização, causando modificações microclimatológicas, tais como o aumento da temperatura ambiente. Os factores que causam o efeito ICU são a libertação de energia antropogénica, a absorção pelo betão, pelas estruturas de asfalto e o tráfego urbano, embora o factor mais importante seja a substituição da vegetação por estruturas construídas pelo Homem. Estes factores causam o aquecimento não apenas do ar local, mas também da subsuperfície e da água subterrânea. Observações das temperaturas da água subterrânea da parte sul da área urbana de Istambul (Turquia) e da zona rural a norte de Istambul, revelaram que as temperaturas da zona urbana eram 3.5°C mais elevadas que as da zona rural. A urbanização é uma consequência directa da melhoria da tecnologia e da vida moderna. No entanto, esta situação ocorre à custa de um incremento nas necessidades de energia. A exploração de energia geotérmica de baixa entalpia é uma alternativa às energias baseadas em combustíveis fósseis. Do ponto de vista ambiental, uma energia limpa e a baixo preço é preferível e as bombas de calor são a melhor escolha para fins de recuperação desse calor. O uso da elevada temperatura da água subterrânea através de bombas de calor em áreas urbanas incrementa a eficiência do sistema de bombagem de calor e produz mais energia térmica que a produzida por água subterrânea em meios rurais. Este sistema pode ser aplicado em Istambul.Şehirlerde ısı adasının (ŞIA) oluşumu şehirleşmenin sonucudur ve hava sıcaklığının artması gibi yerel mikroiklimsel değişiklere neden olur. ŞIA’ya neden olan etmenler, insan kaynaklı ısı yayılması, betonun enerjiyi soğurması, asfalt yapılar ve trafik olarak sıralanabilir, ancak esas neden bitki örtüsünün insan yapımı yapılarla yer değiştirmesidir. Burada sıralanan etmenler yerel hava sıcaklığı yanında, yeraltının ve yeraltısularının da ısınmasına neden olurlar. Yeraltı su sıcaklıklarının ölçülmesi sonucu, İstanbul’un (Türkiye) güneyinde yer alan ve şehirleşmenin yoğun olduğu kesiminde yeraltısuyu sıcaklığının şehrin kuzeyindeki kırsal bölgede bulunan yeraltısularından 3.5°C daha sıcak olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Şehirleşme, teknolojide ve modern yaşam tarzında olan gelişmelerin doğrudan bir sonucudur. Ancak, bu durum devamlı artan enerji maliyetini neden olur. Düşük entalpili jeotermal enerjinin kullanımı fosil yakıtlara göre iyi bir alternatiftir. Çevresel açıdan temiz ve ucuz olan bu enerjiden yararlanmada ısı pompaları kullanımı en iyi seçimdir. Sıcaklığı artmış bu yeraltısularının, sıcaklığı düşük yeraltısularına göre ısı pompaları kullanılarak değerlendirilmesi ısı pompalarının verimini artırır ve daha yüksek enerji elde edilebilir. Bu sistemden İstanbul ‘da yararlanma olasılığı vardır. |
| Starting Page | 1247 |
| Ending Page | 1255 |
| Page Count | 9 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 17 |
| Issue Number | 5 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Turkish |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2009-05-15 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Urban heat island Urban groundwater Geothermal heat pump Thermal conditions Turkey Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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