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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Owor, Michael Taylor, Richard Mukwaya, Christine Tindimugaya, Callist |
| Copyright Year | 2011 |
| Abstract | Little is known of the interactions between groundwater and surface water on deeply weathered landscapes of low relief in the Great Lakes Region of Africa (GLRA). The role of groundwater in sustaining surface-water levels during periods of absent rainfall is disputed and groundwater is commonly excluded from estimations of surface-water balances. Triangulated piezometers installed beside lake gauging stations on Lake Victoria and Lake Kyoga in Uganda provide the first evidence of the dynamic interaction between groundwater and surface water in the GLRA. Stable isotope ratios ($^{2}$H:$^{1}$H, $^{18}$O:$^{16}$O) support piezometric evidence that groundwater primarily discharges to lakes but show further that mixing of groundwater and lake water has occurred at one site on Lake Victoria (Jinja). Layered-aquifer heterogeneity, wherein fluvial-lacustrine sands overlie saprolite, gives rise to both rapid and slow groundwater fluxes to lakes which is evident from the recession of borehole hydrographs following recharge events. Darcy throughflow calculations suggest that direct contributions from groundwater to Lake Victoria comprise <1% of the total inflows to the lake. Groundwater/surface-water interactions are strongly influenced by changing drainage base (lake) levels that are controlled, in part, by regional climate variability and dam releases from Lake Victoria (Jinja).On connaît mal les interactions eau souterraine–eau de surface dans le sol profondément altéré des paysages à faible relief de la région des Grands Lacs africains (GLRA). Le rôle de l’eau souterraine dans le maintien des niveaux d’eau de surface pendant les périodes sans chute de pluie est controversé et l’eau souterraine est généralement exclue des bilans d’eau de surface. Des piézomètres triangulés installés près des stations de jaugeages des lacs Victoria et Kyoga en Ouganda fournissent la première démonstration de l’interaction dynamique entre eau de nappe et eau de surface dans la région des Grands Lacs. Les ratios des isotopes stables ($^{2}$H:$^{1}$H, $^{18}$O:$^{16}$O) confirment les données piézométriques indiquant que l’eau de nappe se décharge principalement dans les lacs mais montrent de plus qu’un mélange eau souterraine-eau lacustre se produit en un site du Lac Victoria (Jinja). L’hétérogénéité de l’aquifère multicouches, dans lequel des sables fluvio-lacustres recouvrent une altérite, donne naissance à la fois à des flux souterrains rapides et lents vers les lacs, ce qui est évident sur la courbe de décrue des hydrogrammes après des épisodes de recharge. Les calculs de flux suivant Darcy suggèrent que les contributions souterraines directes au Lac Victoria représentent moins de 1% des apports totaux. Les interactions eau souterraine–eau de surface sont fortement influencées par les changements de niveau de base contrôlés, pour partie, par la variabilité climatique régionale et par les lâchers de barrage du lac Victoria (Jinja).Se conoce poco de las interacciones entre el agua subterránea y el agua superficial en el paisaje profundamente meteorizado de bajo relieve en la Región de los Grandes Lagos de África (GLRA). El rol del agua subterránea en el mantenimiento de los niveles de agua en superficie durante períodos de ausencia de precipitaciones es discutido y el agua subterránea es comúnmente excluida de las estimaciones de los balances de agua superficial. Los piezómetros triangulados instalados al lado de las estaciones de aforo del lago en el Lago Victoria y el Lago Kyoga en Uganda proporcionan la primera evidencia de la interacción dinámica entre el agua subterránea y el agua superficial en la GLRA. Las relaciones de los isótopos estables ($^{2}$H:$^{1}$H, $^{18}$O:$^{16}$O) apoyan la evidencia piezométrica de que el agua subterránea descarga primordialmente a los lagos pero muestra además que no existe una mezcla de agua subterránea y agua del lago en un sitio en el Lago Victoria (Jinja). La heterogeneida de los acuíferos estratificados, en donde las arenas fluvio lacustres yacen por encima del saprolito, da lugar a flujos de aguas subterráneas rápidos y lentos hacia los lagos, lo cual es evidente a partir de la recesión de los hidrogramas de pozos que siguen a los eventos de recarga. Los cálculos de flujo de Darcy sugieren que las contribuciones directas de agua subterránea al Lago Victoria comprenden <1% del flujo total del ingreso al lago. Las interacciones agua subterránea–agua superficial están fuertemente influenciadas por los cambios de niveles de base del drenaje (lago) que están controlados, en parte, por la variabilidad climática regional y por las descargas de la presa del Lago Victoria (Jinja).对非洲大湖地区(GLRA)低地势坡面的地下地表水相互作用研究的较少。在降雨较少时期地下水对维持地表水水位所起的作用一直存有争议,且在估算地表水平衡时通常将地下水排除在外。采用安装在乌干达维多利亚湖和基奧加湖湖区附近水文站的三角压力计获得了大湖地区地下地表水相互作用的第一份证据。同位素证据($^{2}$H:$^{1}$H, $^{18}$O:$^{16}$O)支持压力计的结果,即地下水向湖水排泄,但是在维多利亚湖的一个地区(Jinja)显示存在地下水与湖水的混合。含水层间的不均质性,如河-湖成砂岩覆盖在腐泥土之上,导致地下水向湖水排泄分别呈快速和慢速流动,在补给事件发生后的地下水位退水线上表现的非常明显。基于达西流的计算表明,地下水向维多利亚湖的直接补给贡献小于所有入流量的1%。地下地表水相互作用受到湖水位的强烈影响,在某种程度上受到区域气候变化和维多利亚湖(Jinja)堤坝的控制。Pouco é conhecido das interacções entre águas subterrâneas e águas superficiais em paisagens de relevo aplanado fortemente meteorizadas na Região dos Grandes Lagos de África (GLRA). O papel da água subterrânea na sustentação dos níveis de águas superficiais durante os períodos de ausência de precipitação é disputado e a água subterrânea é muitas vezes excluída das estimativas dos balanços hídricos das águas superficiais. Uma triangulação de piezómetros instalados ao lado de estações de aferição nos Lagos Vitória e Kyoga, no Uganda, fornecem a primeira evidência da interacção dinâmica entre as águas subterrâneas e superficiais na GLRA. As relações de isótopos estáveis ($^{2}$H:$^{1}$H, $^{18}$O:$^{16}$O) suportam a evidência piezométrica de que a água subterrânea descarrega primariamente para os lagos, mas mostra também que a mistura de águas subterrâneas com águas do lago ocorreu num local do Lago Vitória (Jinja). A heterogeneidade do aquífero multicamada, onde areias flúvio-lacustres se sobrepõem ao saprólito, dá origem quer a fluxos rápidos, quer a fluxos lentos, para o lago, o que se torna evidente a partir da recessão dos hidrogramas dos furos após episódios de recarga. Os cálculos de fluxo de Darcy sugerem que as contribuições directas da água subterrânea para o Lago Vitória compreendem <1% do total de fluxo para o lago. As interacções água subterrânea/água superficial são fortemente influenciadas pelas alterações dos níveis de base da drenagem (lago), os quais são, em parte, controlados pela variabilidade climática regional e pelas descargas de barragens a partir do Lago Vitória (Jinja). |
| Starting Page | 1403 |
| Ending Page | 1420 |
| Page Count | 18 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 19 |
| Issue Number | 7 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2011-09-20 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Groundwater/surface-water relations Groundwater monitoring Stable isotopes Africa Uganda Groundwater recharge/water budget Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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