NDLI: Analysis of subsurface temperature data to quantify groundwater recharge rates in a closed Altiplano basin, northern Chile

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kikuchi, C. P. Ferré, T. P. A.
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Quantifying groundwater recharge is a fundamental part of groundwater resource assessment and management, and is requisite to determining the safe yield of an aquifer. Natural groundwater recharge in arid and semi-arid regions comprises several mechanisms: in-place, mountain-front, and mountain-block recharge. A field study was undertaken in a high-plain basin in the Altiplano region of northern Chile to quantify the magnitude of in-place and mountain-front recharge. Water fluxes corresponding to both recharge mechanisms were calculated using heat as a natural tracer. To quantify in-place recharge, time-series temperature data in cased boreholes were collected, and the annual fluctuation at multiple depths analyzed to infer the water flux through the unsaturated zone. To quantify mountain-front recharge, time-series temperature data were collected in perennial and ephemeral stream channels. Streambed thermographs were analyzed to determine the onset and duration of flow in ephemeral channels, and the vertical water fluxes into both perennial and ephemeral channels. The point flux estimates in streambeds and the unsaturated zone were upscaled to channel and basin-floor areas to provide comparative estimates of the range of volumetric recharge rates corresponding to each recharge mechanism. The results of this study show that mountain-front recharge is substantially more important than in-place recharge in this basin. The results further demonstrate the worth of time-series subsurface temperature data to characterize both in-place and mountain-front recharge processes.Quantifier la recharge en eau souterraine est une partie fondamentale de l’évaluation et de la gestion des ressources en eau souterraine, et un prérequis pour déterminer le débit d’exploitation sécuritaire d’un aquifère. La recharge naturelle des eaux souterraines dans les régions arides et semi-arides repose sur plusieurs mécanismes: recharge directe, recharge en piémont et recharge en massif montagneux. Une étude de terrain a été entreprise dans un bassin de haute plaine de la région de l’Altiplano au Nord du Chili pour quantifier l’amplitude de la recharge directe et de la recharge en piémont. Les flux d’eau correspondant aux deux mécanismes de recharge ont été calculés en utilisant la chaleur comme traceur naturel. Pour quantifier la recharge directe, les séries chronologiques de données de température ont été collectées en forages tubés, et les variations annuelles à des profondeurs multiples analysées pour déduire le flux d’infiltration à travers la zone non saturée. Pour quantifier la recharge en piémont, des séries chronologiques de données de température ont été collectées dans des chenaux pérennes et éphémères. Des thermographies dans les lits de chenaux ont été analysées pour déterminer le début et la durée des écoulements dans les chenaux éphémères, ainsi que les flux d’eau verticaux dans des chenaux pérennes et éphémères. Les estimations ponctuelles de flux dans les lits des cours d’eau et la zone non saturée ont été extrapolées aux zones de chenal et du bassin pour fournir des estimations comparatives de la gamme des taux de recharge volumétriques correspondant à chaque mécanisme de recharge. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que la recharge en piémont est substantiellement plus importante que la recharge directe dans le bassin. Les résultats montrent de plus l’importance des séries chronologiques de données de température de subsurface pour caractériser les processus de recharge aussi bien en place qu’en piémont.La cuantificación de la recarga del agua subterránea es una parte fundamental en la evaluación y gestión de los recursos de aguas subterráneas, y es necesaria para la determinación del rendimiento seguro de un acuífero. La recarga natural de agua subterránea en las regiones áridas y semiáridas comprende varios mecanismos: recarga in situ, en el frente montañoso, y en el bloque montañoso Se llevó a cabo un estudio de campo en una cuenca de la llanura alta en la región del Altiplano en el norte de Chile para cuantificar la magnitud de la recarga in situ y en el frente montañoso. Los flujos de agua correspondientes a ambos mecanismos de recarga se calcularon utilizando el calor como un trazador natural. Para cuantificar la recarga in situ, se recogieron las series de tiempo de datos de temperaturas en pozos entubados, y la fluctuación anual en múltiples profundidades analizados para inferir el flujo de agua a través de la zona no saturada. Para cuantificar la recarga del frente montañoso, se recogieron series de tiempo de datos de temperatura en los canales de corrientes perennes y efímeras. Se analizaron los datos termográficos del lecho de la corriente para determinar el inicio y duración del flujo en los canales efímeros, y los flujos de agua verticales en ambos canales perennes y efímeros. Las estimaciones puntuales de flujo en los lechos de ríos y en la zona no saturada fueron escalados a las áreas del canal y del fondo de la cuenca para proporcionar estimaciones comparativas del rango de las tasas volumétricas de recarga correspondientes a cada mecanismo de recarga. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que la recarga del frente montañoso es sustancialmente más importante que la recarga in situ en esta cuenca. Los resultados demuestran además el valor de los datos de temperatura subsuperficial de series de tiempo para caracterizar tanto los procesos de recarga in situ como los del frente montañoso.量化地下水补给是地下水资源评价和管理的一项重要组成部分,对于确定含水层的安全出水量必不可少。干旱和半干旱地区的天然地下水补给包含几个机理:就地补给、山前补给和山区补给。在智利北部Altiplano地区一个高海拔平原盆地进行了野外研究,以量化就地补给和山前补给的大小。采用热量作为天然示踪剂计算了与两种补给机理相关的水通量。为了量化就地补给量,收集了带套管的钻孔中的时间序列温度资料,分析了多重深度的每年的波动,推断出通过非饱和带的水通量。为了量化山前补给量,收集了常年有水和短暂有水河流的时间序列温度资料。分析了河床温度记录仪数据以确定短暂有水河流的开始时间和持续时间、以及进入常年有水和短暂有水河流垂直水通量。河床和非饱和带的点通量估算值放大到渠道和盆底区域,以提供每个补给机理体积补给率范围比较估算值。这项研究的结果显示,在这个盆地,山前补给实际上比就地补给更重要。结果进一步展示了时间序列地表以下温度资料对于描述就地补给和山前补给过程的价值。A quantificação da recarga das águas subterrâneas é uma parte fundamental da avaliação do recurso hídrico subterrâneo, e é requisito para determinar a produção segura de um aquífero. A recarga natural das águas subterrâneas em regiões áridas e semiáridas compreende diversos mecanismos; recarga local, no front da montanha e no bloco da montanha. Um estudo de campo foi conduzido em uma bacia de planalto na região do Altiplano, norte do Chile para quantificar a magnitude da recarga local e em front de montanha. Os fluxos d’água correspondendo a ambos mecanismos de recarga foram calculados utilizando calor como traçador natural. Para quantificar a recarga local, foram coletadas séries temporais de dados de temperatura em poços fechados, e analisada a flutuação anual em múltiplas profundidades para inferir sobre o fluxo das águas subterrâneas na zona não saturada. Para quantificar a recarga no front da montanha, foram coletadas séries temporais de dados de temperatura em cursos d’água perenes e efêmeros, e os fluxos de água verticais em ambos canais perene e efêmero. As estimativas de fluxo pontuais nos leitos de rio e na zona não saturada tiveram a escala aumentada para áreas dos cursos d’água e do leito da bacia para fornecer estimativas comparativas sobre o alcance das taxas volumétricas de recarga correspondentes a cada mecanismo de recarga. Os resultados desse estudo mostram que a recarga no front da montanha é substancialmente mais importante que a recarga local nessa bacia. Os resultados demonstram adiante o uso das séries temporais de dados de temperatura para caracterizar ambos processos de recarga local e no front da montanha.
Starting Page	103
Ending Page	121
Page Count	19
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	25
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2016-09-10
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Groundwater/surface-water relations Groundwater recharge Arid regions Heat transport Chile Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geology Water Quality/Water Pollution Geophysics/Geodesy Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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