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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Naik, Pradeep K. Awasthi, Arun K. Anand, A. Mohan, Prakash C. |
| Copyright Year | 2001 |
| Abstract | The Koyna River basin in India drew the attention of geoscientists after an earthquake (magnitude 7) in 1967. Since then, detailed geological, tectonic, and seismic investigations of this river basin have been carried out by several workers. However, very little study has been done on its hydrogeological framework. The present work aims at filling this gap. Basalts, laterites, alluvium, soils, and talus deposits form shallow unconfined aquifers, with transmissivity of 27–135 m$^{2}$/d and a regional specific yield of 0.012. In shallow basaltic aquifers, the lower part of the highly weathered and highly jointed horizon above, and the poorly weathered and highly jointed horizon below, form the most potential zone for groundwater occurrence. Well yields in the deeper basaltic aquifers are directly related to the occurrence of lineaments, whereas at a shallower level they are related to geomorphic features. Spring discharges are highly dependent on their source aquifers and areas of recharge. They have a mean winter discharge of 46 m$^{3}$/d and a summer discharge of 28 m$^{3}$/d.Chemically, groundwaters are dominated by alkaline earths (Ca$^{2+}$, Mg$^{2+}$) and weak acids (HCO$_{3}$ $^{–}$, CO$_{3}$ $^{–}$); they are calcium-bicarbonate type (53%) and calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type (27%) at shallower levels; and calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type (29%), sodium-bicarbonate type (24%), calcium-bicarbonate type (19%), and calcium-magnesium-sodium-bicarbonate type (19%) in deeper aquifers. The Koyna River basin is characterized by both scarcity and abundance of groundwater. In the water-scarce areas in the dissected plateaus, artificial recharge of aquifers through construction of several recharge structures at suitable locations is highly recommended. In the water-abundant areas in the central valley, on the other hand, expanded consumptive use of water resources is encouraged. Le bassin de la rivière Koyna en Inde a retenu l'attention des géologues à la suite d'un séisme de magnitude 7 en 1967. Depuis cette date, des travaux détaillés de géologie, de tectonique et de sismique sur le bassin de cette rivière ont été conduits par plusieurs chercheurs. Cependant, très peu d'études ont été réalisées dans le domaine de l'hydrogéologie. Ce travail a pour but de combler cette lacune. Des basaltes, des latérites, des alluvions, des sols et des dépôts de pente constituent des aquifères libres peu profonds, avec une transmissivité comprise entre 27 et 135 m$^{2}$/j et une productivité régionale spécifique de 0,012. Dans les aquifères basaltiques peu profonds, la partie inférieure de l'horizon fortement altéré et très fracturé du dessus et l'horizon faiblement altéré et très fracturé du dessous forment la zone au plus fort potentiel en eau souterraine. La productivité des puits dans les aquifères basaltiques plus profonds est directement liée à l'existence de linéaments, tandis qu'au niveau le moins profond elle est liée aux phénomènes morphologiques. Le débit des sources dépend grandement des aquifères et de leurs zones de recharge. Il atteint en moyenne en hiver 46 m$^{3}$/j et en été 28 m$^{3}$/j.Chimiquement, les eaux souterraines sont dominées par les alcalino-terreux (Ca$^{2+}$, Mg$^{2+}$) et par les acides faibles (HCO$_{3}$ $^{–}$, CO$_{3}$ $^{–}$); elles ont un faciès bicarbonaté calcique (53%) et bicarbonaté calcique et magnésien (27%) dans les niveaux peu profonds, bicarbonaté calcique et magnésien (29%), bicarbonaté sodique (24%) bicarbonaté calcique (19%) dans les aquifères plus profonds. Le bassin de la rivière Koyna est caractérisé à la fois par la rareté et l'abondance des eaux souterraines. Dans les zones pauvres en eau des plateaux disséqués, la recharge artificielle des aquifères grâce à la construction de plusieurs ouvrages de recharge à des sites appropriés est fortement recommandée. Dans les zones d'abondance de l'eau, dans la vallée centrale, d'autre part, le développement de la consommation des ressources en eau est encouragé. La cuenca del río Koyna (India) atrajo la atención de los científicos de la tierra a partir de un terremoto de magnitud 7 acontecido en el año 1967. Desde entonces, varios investigadores han llevado a cabo un estudio detallado de las características geológicas, tectónicas y sísmicas de esta cuenca fluvial, pero no se ha incidido lo suficiente en el marco hidrogeológico. El presente estudio trata de paliar esta deficiencia. Los basaltos, lateritas, aluviales, suelos y depósitos de talud forman acuíferos someros libres, en los que la transmisividad varía entre 27 y 135 m$^{2}$/d y el coeficiente de almacenamiento vale 0,012. En los acuíferos basálticos someros, la parte inferior del horizonte superior, altamente meteorizado y con numerosas juntas, y el horizonte inferior, poco meteorizado pero también con gran densidad de juntas, constituyen el nivel más productivo de aguas subterráneas. Los rendimientos de los pozos en los acuíferos basálticos más profundos están directamente relacionados con la ocurrencia de lineamientos, mientras que, a niveles más superficiales, están relacionados con las características geomórficas. Los caudales de los manantiales dependen enormemente de los acuíferos de origen y de las áreas de recarga. El caudal promedio en invierno y verano es de 46 y 28 m$^{3}$/d, respectivamente.Desde el punto de vista químico, las aguas subterráneas están dominadas por iones alcalinos (Ca$^{2+}$, Mg$^{2+}$) y ácidos débiles (HCO$_{3}$ $^{–}$, CO$_{3}$ $^{–}$). Son del tipo bicarbonatado-cálcico (53%) y bicarbonatado-cálcico-magnésico (27%) en los niveles más someros. En cambio, son del tipo bicarbonatado-cálcico-magnésico (29%), bicarbonatado-sódico (24%) y bicarbonatado-cálcico (19%) en los más profundos. La cuenca del río Koyna se caracteriza tanto por la escasez como por la abundancia de las aguas subterráneas. En las zonas de escasez de las mesetas diseccionadas, se recomienda encarecidamente la recarga artifcial de acuíferos mediante la construcción de varias estructuras de recarga en puntos estratégicos. En cuanto a las zonas de abundancia del valle central, se debería fomentar el uso consuntivo intenso de los recursos hídricos. |
| Starting Page | 243 |
| Ending Page | 264 |
| Page Count | 22 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 9 |
| Issue Number | 3 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2014-02-01 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geology Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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