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A geochemical survey of spring water from the main Ethiopian rift valley, southern Ethiopia: implications for well-head protection

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	McKenzie, Jeffrey M. Siegel, Donald I. Patterson, William McKenzie, D. Jonathan
Copyright Year	2001
Abstract	The report discusses the stable isotope values and major solute compositions of 16 springs and river-water samples along a topographic gradient in the main rift valley of southern Ethiopia. Most of the springs used for drinking water supplies discharge from local flow systems at scales of only tens of meters. The δ$^{18}$O and δD values of waters unaffected by shallow evaporation form a local meteoric water line of δD=8.1δ$^{18}$O+19.0, almost identical to that for the eastern Mediterranean area. The δ$^{18}$O values show an altitude effect of –0.5‰ per 100-m elevation rise. Total dissolved nitrogen concentrations locally exceed 6 mg/L (as N), and phosphate concentrations were elevated above background levels in some springs, exceeding 0.2 mg/L PO$_{4}$, probably due to agricultural practices upgradient of the springs. Modest well-head protection should be considered to protect public health from the effects of pollution by agricultural waste, given the very local scale of the flow systems providing spring water to Ethiopian villages. Ce travail discute les teneurs en isotopes stables et les concentrations en éléments majeurs dissous des eaux de 16 sources et de la rivière, le long d’un profil topographique dans la principale vallée du rift en Éthiopie méridionale. La plupart des sources, utilisée pour les adductions d’eau potable, sont l’émergence d’aquifères locaux, à l’échelle de quelques dizaines de mètres seulement. Les valeurs de δ$^{18}$O et de δD des eaux qui ne sont pas affectées par l’évaporation à proximité de la surface prennent place sur une droite des eaux météoriques locales de la forme δD=8,1δ$^{18}$O+19,0, presque identique à celle connue pour les régions de Méditerranée orientale. Les valeurs de δ$^{18}$O montrent un effet d’altitude de –0,5 ‰ pour 100 m. Les concentrations en azote dissous total dépassent localement 6 mg/L (en N), et les concentrations en phosphates de certaines sources sont au dessus du bruit de fond, dépassant 0,2 mg/L en PO$_{4}$, probablement à cause des pratiques agricoles en amont des sources. Il faut mettre en place une protection minimale des puits pour protéger la santé publique des effets de la pollution par les rejets agricoles, étant donné l’échelle très locale des écoulements souterrains fournissant l’eau de source pour les villages éthiopiens. El informe discute los valores de isótopos estables y la composición en iones mayoritarios de muestras de 16 manantiales y de agua de río recogidas a lo largo del gradiente topográfico, en el principal valle de rift (desgarre tectónico) del Sur de Etiopía. La mayoría de los manantiales que se aprovechan para abastecimiento de poblaciones están asociados a sistemas de flujo locales de apenas unas decenas de metros. Los valores de δ$^{18}$O y δD correspondientes a las aguas no afectadas por evaporación somera constituyen una línea meteórica cuya ecuación es δD=8,1δ$^{18}$O+19,0, casi idéntica a la del Mediterráneo Occidental. Los valores de δ$^{18}$O muestran un efecto altitud equivalente a una reducción del 0,5‰ por cada 100 m de elevación. Las concentraciones de nitrógeno total disuelto exceden de forma local los 6 mg/L (expresado como N). Las concentraciones de fosfato en algunos manantiales son superiores en 0,2 mg/L de PO$_{4}$ a los valores de base, probablemente debido a las prácticas agrícolas que tienen lugar aguas arriba. Se debería considerar la protección de las aguas subterráneas para salvaguardar la salud pública de la contaminación por lixiviados de origen agrícola, dada la pequeña escala de los sistemas de flujo que proporcionan agua a los pueblos etíopes.
Starting Page	265
Ending Page	272
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	9
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2014-02-01
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geology Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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A geochemical survey of spring water from the main Ethiopian rift valley, southern Ethiopia: implications for well-head protection

Comments on article entitled 'A geochemical survey of spring water from the main Ethiopian rift valley, southern Ethiopia: implications for well-head protection' by McKenzie et al., Hydrogeology Journal (2001) 9:265–272

Response to comments on an article entitled 'A geochemical survey of spring water from the main Ethiopian rift valley, southern Ethiopia: implications for well-head protection' by McKenzie et al., Hydrogeology Journal (2001) 9:265–272

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A geochemical survey of spring water from the main Ethiopian rift valley, southern Ethiopia: implications for well-head protection

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A geochemical survey of spring water from the main Ethiopian rift valley, southern Ethiopia: implications for well-head protection

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Response to comments on an article entitled 'A geochemical survey of spring water from the main Ethiopian rift valley, southern Ethiopia: implications for well-head protection' by McKenzie et al., Hydrogeology Journal (2001) 9:265–272

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