NDLI: An integrated approach for catchment delineation and conduit-network modeling in karst aquifers: application to a site in the Swiss tabular Jura

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Malard, Arnauld Jeannin, Pierre Yves Vouillamoz, Jonathan Weber, Eric
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	An essential issue in karst hydrology is the characterization of the hydrogeological flow systems, i.e., the delineation of catchment areas and the organization of the main flow paths (conduit network) feeding one or several outlets. The proposed approach provides an explicit way to sketch catchment areas, and to generate karst conduits on the basis of a three-dimensional (3D) conceptual model of the aquifer (KARSYS approach). The approach follows three main principles: (1) conduits develop according to the hydraulic gradient, which depends on the aquifer zonation, (2) conduits are guided by preferential guidance features (or inception horizons) prevailing in the unsaturated and saturated zones of the aquifer, and (3) conduits initiate on a regular basis below the autogenic zone of the catchment area. This approach was applied to a site in the Swiss Jura as a base for the assessment of flood-hazard risks. The resulting model proposes a new delineation of the system catchment area and appears fairer regarding hydrological measurements than previous interpretations, which under-estimated the catchment area by about 20 %. Furthermore, the proposed conduit network for the whole aquifer is also consistent with local cave surveys and dye-tracing observations. These interesting results demonstrate that the combination of this approach with the KARSYS 3D model provides an integrated and effective way for the characterization of karst-flow systems.Für das Verständnis der Karsthydrologie ist die Charakterisierung des hydrogeologischen Abflusssystems wichtig. Dazu gehören die Bestimmung des Einzugsgebietes und der Hauptwasserwege (Wasserweg Netzwerk) welche eine oder mehrere Quellen speisen. Der vorgeschlagene Ansatz enthält eine explizite Beschreibung der Einzugsgebiete und der Konstruktion von dreidimensionalen (3D) konzeptuellen Karstwassermodellen (KARSYS-Ansatz). Der Ansatz folgt drei Prinzipien: (1) Der hydraulische Gradient bestimmt die Entwicklung von Karstwasserleitern. (2) Karstwasserleiter entwickeln sich entlang bestimmter Schwächehorizonte (Initialfugen), welche sowohl in der ungesättigten, wie auch in der gesättigten Zone auftreten. (3) Die Infiltrationspunkte sind t regelmässig in der Autogenen Zone des Einzugsgebietes verteilt. Dieser Ansatz wurde im schweizerischen Jura angewendet zur Risikoanalyse von Überschwemmungen. Das resultierende Modell suggeriert eine neue Einzugsgebiets-Begrenzung und stimmt besser mit den hydraulischen Messungen überein als frühere Modelle, welche das Einzugsgebiet bis zu 20 % unterschätzten. Zudem stimmt das Karstwassernetzwerk für den ganzen Wasserkörper mit lokalen speläologischen Daten und Färbversuchen überein. Die interessanten Resultate zeigen, dass der kombinierte Ansatz mit dem KARSYS 3D Modell effizient zur integralen Charakterisierung von Karst-Abflusssystemen führt.Une question essentielle en hydrogéologie karstique est la caractérisation des systèmes d’écoulements hydrogéologiques, à savoir la délimitation des bassins d’alimentation et l’organisation des principales lignes d’écoulement (réseau de conduits) alimentant un ou plusieurs exutoires. L’approche proposée fournit une manière explicite pour délimiter les bassins d’alimentation et pour générer des conduits karstiques sur la base d’un modèle conceptuel tridimensionnel de l’aquifère (approche KARSYS). L’approche repose sur trois principes majeurs : (1) les conduits se développent selon le gradient hydraulique qui dépend de la zonation de l’aquifère, (2) les conduits sont guidés par des caractéristiques d’orientation préférentielle (ou horizons initiaux) présentes au sein des zones non saturée et saturée de l’aquifère, et (3) les conduits sont initiés régulièrement sous la zone autogène du bassin d’alimentation. Cette approche a été appliquée dans le Jura Suisse en tant que base pour l’évaluation des risques d’inondation. Le modèle résultant propose une nouvelle délimitation du bassin d’alimentation et apparaît plus cohérent concernant les mesures hydrologiques que les interprétations antérieures, qui sous-estimaient le bassin d’alimentation d’environ 20 %. De plus, le réseau de conduits proposé pour l’ensemble de l’aquifère est aussi compatible avec les inventaires de cavités locales et les observations de traçages artificiels. Ces résultats intéressants démontrent que la combinaison de cette approche avec le modèle KARSYS 3D fournit une manière intégrée et efficace pour la caractérisation des systèmes d’écoulements en milieu karstique.Un tema esencial en la hidrología kárstica es la caracterización de los sistemas de flujo hidrogeológicos, es decir, la delimitación de las zonas de captación y la organización de las principales trayectorias de flujo (red de conductos) que alimentan a uno o varios puntos de salidas. El enfoque propuesto proporciona una manera explícita a esbozar las zonas de captación, y generar conductos cársticos sobre la base de un modelo conceptual tridimensional (3D) del acuífero (enfoque KARSYS). El enfoque se basa en tres principios principales: (1) los conductos se desarrollan de acuerdo con el gradiente hidráulico, que depende de la zonación del acuífero, (2) los conductos están orientados por las características de las orientaciones preferenciales que prevalecen en las zonas no saturadas y saturadas del acuífero y (3) los conductos se inician de forma regular por debajo de la zona autógenica del área de captación. Se aplicó este enfoque a un sitio en el Jura suizo como una base para la evaluación de los riesgos por peligrosidad de las inundaciones. El modelo resultante propone una nueva delimitación de la zona de captación del sistema y aparece más razonable con respecto a las mediciones hidrológicas que las interpretaciones anteriores, que subestiman la zona de captación en un 20 %. Además, la red de conductos propuesta para el acuífero también es consistente con los relevamientos de cavernas locales y con las observaciones con trazadores de colorantes. Estos interesantes resultados demuestran que la combinación de este enfoque con el modelo KARSYS 3D proporciona una manera integrada y eficaz para la caracterización de los sistemas de flujo en karst.岩溶水文学的基本问题就是描述水文地质水流系统,也就是说,描述汇水区和向一个或几个出水口流水的主要水流通道(管道网络)情况。提出的方法为概述汇水区和在含水层三维概念模型(KARSYS方法)的基础上勾画岩溶管道提供了明确的途径。方法遵循三个主要原则:(1)管道根据水力坡度发育,水利坡度取决于含水层分带性;(2)管道受盛行于含水层非饱和带和饱和带的优先引导特征(或发端层)的引导;(3)管道在汇水区自生带之下定期产生。这个方法应用在瑞士扁平的侏罗山脉一个地方,作为洪水灾害风险评价的基础。运算结果的模型对系统汇水区提出了新的描述,水文测量结果比过去的解译显得更加合理,过去的解译低估了汇水区大约20%。此外,提出的整个含水层管道网络也与局部洞穴调查和染色示踪观测结果一致。这些有趣的结果证明,这个方法与KARSYS三维模型结合起来可以为描述岩溶水流系统提供一个综合和有效的途径。Uma questão fundamental na hidrologia cárstica é a caracterização dos sistemas de fluxos hidrogeológicos, por exemplo a delimitação das áreas de capitação e a organização das principais trajetórias dos fluxos (rede de canais) que alimentam uma ou várias saídas. O método proposto estabelece um meio preciso para esquematizar áreas de captação, e para gerar condutos cársticos na base do modelo conceitual tridimensional (3D) do aquífero (método KARSYS). O método segue três princípios principais: (1) canais desenvolvidos de acordo com o gradiente hidráulico, que depende do zoneamento do aquífero; (2) canais são guiados por uma orientação preferencial característica (ou horizontes iniciais) predominante nas zonas não-saturadas e saturadas de um aquífero; e (3) canais iniciados em uma base regular sob uma zona autogênica da área de captação. Este método foi aplicado em uma área do Jura Suíço como base para a avaliação do risco de inundação. O modelo obtido propôs um novo sistema de delimitação da área de captação e parece mais apropriada em relação as medições hidrológicas do que interpretações anteriores, que subestimavam a área de captação em cerca de 20 %. Além disso, a rede de canais proposta para todo o aquífero é consistente com a cavernas locais estudadas e também com observações das soluções de rastreamento. Estes interessantes resultados demonstram que a combinação desse método como o modelo KARSYS 3D proporciona um integrado e efetivo meio para a caracterização de sistemas de fluxos cársticos.
Starting Page	1341
Ending Page	1357
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	23
Issue Number	7
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2015-07-12
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Karst Conduits generation Groundwater hydraulics 3D model Switzerland Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geology Water Quality/Water Pollution Geophysics/Geodesy Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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