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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Herrera, Christian Custodio, Emilio |
| Copyright Year | 2008 |
| Abstract | Most human activities and hydrogeological information on small young volcanic islands are near the coastal area. There are almost no hydrological data from inland areas, where permanent springs and/or boreholes may be rare or nonexistent. A major concern is the excessive salinity of near-the-coast wells. Obtaining a conceptual hydrogeological model is crucial for groundwater resources development and management. Surveys of water seepages and rain for chemical and environmental isotope contents may provide information on the whole island groundwater flow conditions, in spite of remaining geological and hydrogeological uncertainties. New data from Easter Island (Isla de Pascua), in the Pacific Ocean, are considered. Whether Easter Island has a central low permeability volcanic “core” sustaining an elevated water table remains unknown. Average recharge is estimated at 300–400 mm/year, with a low salinity of 15–50 mg/L Cl. There is an apron of highly permeable volcanics that extends to the coast. The salinity of near-the-coast wells, >1,000 mg/L Cl, is marine in origin. This is the result of a thick mixing zone of island groundwater and encroached seawater, locally enhanced by upconings below pumping wells. This conceptual model explains what is observed, in the absence of inland boreholes and springs.在年轻的小火山岛上, 大多数人类活动和水文地质信息都局限于海岸带附近。由于内陆地区很少或没有钻孔或者常年性的泉水, 水文数据很少。靠近海岸带的井水盐分过高是人们关注的一个焦点。为了合理开发利用地下水资源, 急需构建水文地质概念模型。尽管存在地质和水文地质方面的不确定性, 但是对地下水渗流及降水的水化学与环境同位素组成的调查有可能提供全岛地下水流方面的信息。作者分析了有关太平洋复活节岛的新数据。在该岛中央是否存在低渗透火山岩“核”以维持高地下水位的问题仍不清楚。据估算, 地下水平均补给率为300 到400 mm/a, 其盐度较低, Cl含量在15到50 mg/L范围内。环岛存在高渗透率的火山岩, 一直延伸到海岸带。靠近海岸带的井水含盐量很高, Cl含量大于1000 mg/L, 来源于海水。这是海岛地下水和入侵的海水相混合所形成的巨大混合带造成的, 这一现象在抽水井下方由于咸淡水界面上隆更为显著。在岛上没有钻孔和泉可资研究的情况下, 以上的概念模型解释了所观察到的现象。La pluspart des activités humaines et informations hydrogéologiques des petites îles volcaniques jeunes sont près la zone côtière. On ne trouve pratiquement de données des zones de l’interieur ou les sources peuvent être rares ou inexistentes. Une préocupation principale est l’excès de salinité des puits près de la côte. L’obtention d’un model conceptuel hydrogéologique est très important pour développer les ressources en eau souterraine. Les champagnes pour obtenir des échantillons des suintements d’eau et de la pluie peuvent contribuer information sur les conditions de flux de l’eau souterraine dans l’île, malgré la manque de données geologiques et hydrogéologiques précises. On considère information recent de l’Île de Pâques (Isla de Pascua), dans le centre de l’Océan Pacifique. On continue a ne pas connaître s’il existe un’’cœur’’ volcanique central de baisse permeabilité capable de contenir une nappe phréatique élévée. La recharge peut être estimée entre 300 et 400 mm/an, avec une basse salinité de 15 à 50 mg/L Cl. Il existe une juppe de materiaux volcaniques très permeable que s’étend jusqu’au la côte. La salinité des puits près de la côte, même >1000 mg/L Cl, a une origine marine et est le resultat d’une zone de mélange eau douce-eau saline très épaise, que peut être agrandie localment par des cônes ascensionels au dessus des puits de pompage. Cet model conceptuel explique ce qu’on observe, quan on n’a pas de sondages et sources a l’intérieur de l’île.A maior parte das actividades humanas e da informação hidrogeológica em pequenas ilhas vulcânicas encontram-se próximas das áreas costeiras. Não existem praticamente dados das áreas interiores das ilhas, onde nascentes permanentes e/ou sondagens ou captações podem ser raras ou mesmo inexistentes. Uma preocupação principal é a excessiva salinidade em furos próximos da costa. Obter um modelo hidrogeológico conceptual é crucial para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos. A pesquisa de parâmetros químicos e de isótopos ambientais em águas de escoamento e de precipitação pode fornecer informações sobre as condições dos fluxos subterrâneos em toda a ilha, apesar das incertezas resultantes da interpretação das condições geológicas e hidrogeológicas. Novos dados da Ilha de Páscoa, no Oceano Pacífico, são considerados. Até que ponto a Ilha de Páscoa tem um eixo vulcânico central de baixa permeabilidade, sustentando um aquífero a um nível elevado, permanece uma incógnita. A recarga é estimada em 300 a 400 mm/ano, com uma salinidade baixa, entre os 15 e os 50 mg/L Cl. Existe uma sequência de rochas vulcânicas que se estende até à costa. A salinidade em furos junto à costa (>1000 mg/L Cl) é de origem marinha. Esta resulta de uma espessa zona de mistura entre a água subterrânea da ilha e intrusão salina, localmente realçada pela presença de cones de ascensão de água salina sob os furos em bombagem. Este modelo conceptual explica o que é observado, na ausência de furos e nascentes na parte central da ilha.La mayoría de las actividades humanas y la información hidrogeológica en islas volcánicas pequeñas y jóvenes se producen cerca de la costa. Casi no hay datos hidrogeológicos de las áreas del interior, donde los manantiales son raros o inexistentes. Uno de los problemas principales es la excesiva salinidad de los pozos próximos al litoral. Es crucial poder obtener un modelo hidrogeológico conceptual para explotar los recursos de agua. Los reconocimientos para obtener muestras de agua de rezumes y lluvia para analizar el contenido químico e isotópico puede proporcionar información de las condiciones de flujo subterráneo de toda la isla, a pesar de las incertidumbres geológicas. Se considera nueva información sobre la Isla de Pascua, en medio del Océano Pacífico. Se continua sin conocer si existe un “núcleo” central de baja permeabilidad capaz de contener un nivel freático elevado, aunque la recarga media se puede estimar entre 300 y 400 mm/año, con baja salinidad, de 15 a 50 mg/L Cl. La salinidad de los pozos cercanos a la costa, incluso de >1000 mg/L, es de origen marino y resulta de una espesa zona de mezcla entre el agua subterránea insular y la penetración de agua marina, que localmente se incrementa a causa de la formación de conos salinos ascensionales bajo los pozos. Este modelo conceptual explica lo que se observa, en ausencia de sondeos y manantiales en el interior de la isla. |
| Starting Page | 1329 |
| Ending Page | 1348 |
| Page Count | 20 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 16 |
| Issue Number | 7 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Spanish |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2008-06-17 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Island hydrology Volcanic aquifer Conceptual model Easter Island Chile Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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