NDLI: Integration of surface geophysical methods for fracture detection in crystalline bedrocks of southwestern Nigeria

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Adepelumi, A. A. Yi, M. J. Kim, J. H. Ako, B. D. Son, J. S.
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	The application of electrical imaging and very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetics was investigated for the purpose of delineating basement fracture zones, and to show how incorporating a priori information in numerical modelling would facilitate the location of fractured zones within a basement rock more precisely. To this end, direct current (DC) dipole–dipole resistivity and VLF modelling and inversion experiments were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the methods in detecting low-resistivity fracture zones in a typical crystalline basement rock that is favourable for groundwater accumulation. Most wells drilled in such an environment usually have low yields. Results of the numerical experiment generally indicate that fractures covered by moderate overburden, and having considerable depth, extent, and thickness compared to the depth of fracture burial, produce good responses resulting in high-resolution resistivity images. Lower resolution resistivity images were obtained as the thickness of the overburden increased. Also, the model investigations indicate that width of the fracture zone plays a major role in controlling image resolution. Conclusions from the synthetic modelling were confirmed by resistivity and VLF data gathered across a suspected fault in a hard rock terrain of southwestern Nigeria. The results from the field data are in general agreement with the numerical modelling experiments.L’application de l’imagerie électrique et de l’électromagnétique à très basse fréquence (VLF), a été évaluée pour la localisation de zones de fractures de socle, et pour montrer comment l’incorporation de ce type d’information dans un modèle numérique peut faciliter la localisation plus précise des zones de fractures dans le socle. A cet effet, la résistivité par Courant Directe (DC en anglais) dipôle-dipôle, la modélisation des résultats du VLF et des essais d’inversion ont été réalisés pour évaluer la rentabilité de ces méthodes sur un socle cristallin typique et faorable à l’accumulation des eaux souterraines. La plus part des puits réalisés dans ces environnement présentent des débits faibles. Les résultats d’expériences numériques indiquent générallement que les fractures recouvertes par de fines formations de surface, et possédant une profondeur, épaisseur et extension importantes comparées à la profondeur d’enfouissement, produisent de meilleures réponses sur des images de résistivité de haute résolution. Les images de plus basses résolutions sont obtenues lorsque la couverture de surface diminue. Les conclusions du modèle intial ont été confirmées par les données de résistivité et le VLF, collectées à travers une faille suspectée dans un terrain de socle du Sud-Ouest du Nigeria. Les résultats des données de terrain sont en général en accordance avec les modélisations numériques.Se investigó la aplicación de imágenes eléctricas y electromagnéticas de muy baja frecuencia (VLF) con el objetivo de delimitar zonas de fractura en el basamento y de mostrar como la incorporación de información a priori en modelos numéricos facilitaría la localización con mayor precisión de zonas de fractura dentro de rocas del basamento. Con este objetivo se llevaron a cabo experimentos de inversión y modelizado en corriente directa (DC), resistividad dipolo-dipolo, y VLF para evaluar la eficacia de los métodos en la detección de zonas de fractura de baja resistividad en rocas típicas del basamento que son favorables para la acumulación de agua subterránea. La mayoría de pozos que se han perforado en este tipo de ambiente tienen bajas productividades. Los resultados del experimento numérico generalmente indican que las fracturas cubiertas por material residual, y que tienen considerable profundidad, espesor, y extensión en comparación con la profundidad a que está enterrada la fractura, producen buenas respuestas dando por resultado imágenes de resistividad de alta resolución. Se obtuvieron imágenes de resistividad de baja resolución a medida que el espesor del material residual incrementaba. Las investigaciones del modelo también indican que el ancho de la zona de fractura juega un papel principal en el control de la resolución de la imagen. Las conclusiones del modelizado sintético se confirmaron con datos de campo de resistividad y VLF obtenidos a través de una supuesta falla en un terreno de rocas duras del suroeste de Nigeria. Los resultados de campo concuerdan muy bien con los experimentos de modelizado numérico.
Starting Page	1284
Ending Page	1306
Page Count	23
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	14
Issue Number	7
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2006-06-20
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Electrical resistivity Very low frequency electromagnetics (VLF) Groundwater exploration Fractured rocks Basement Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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