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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Petrini, R. Italia, F. Ponton, M. Slejko, F. F. Aviani, U. Zini, L. |
| Copyright Year | 2013 |
| Abstract | Geochemical investigations were carried out to define the origin of the low- to moderate-temperature thermal waters feeding the Monfalcone springs in northern Italy. Chemical data indicate that waters approach the composition of seawater. Mixing processes with cold low-salinity waters are highlighted. The δ$^{18}$O and δD values are in the range −5.0 to −6.4 ‰, and −33 to −40 ‰, respectively, suggesting the dilution of the saline reservoir by karst-type freshwaters. A surplus of Ca$^{2+}$ and Sr$^{2+}$ ions with respect to a conservative mixing is ascribed to diagenetic reactions of the thermal waters with Cretaceous carbonates at depth. The measured Sr isotopic composition ($^{87}$Sr/$^{86}$Sr ratio) ranges between 0.70803 and 0.70814; after correction for the surplus Sr, a $^{87}$Sr/$^{86}$Sr ratio indicating Miocene paleo-seawater is obtained. The dissolved gases indicate long-lasting gas–water interactions with a deep-originated gas phase of crustal origin, dominated by CO$_{2}$ and marked by a water TDIC isotopic composition in the range −5.9 to−8.8 and helium signature with 0.08 < R/Ra < 0.27, which is a typical range for the crust. A possible scenario for the Monfalcone thermal reservoir consists of Miocene marine paleowaters which infiltrated through the karstic voids formed within the prevalently Cretaceous carbonates during the upper Eocene emersion of the platform, and which were entrapped by the progressive burial by terrigenous sediments.Des investigations géochimiques ont été effectuées pour définir l’origine des températures basses à modérées des eaux thermales qui alimentent les sources de Monfalcone dans le Nord de l’Italie. Les données chimiques indiquent que les eaux approchent la composition de l’eau de mer. Les processus de mélange avec de l’eau froide de faible salinité sont mis en lumière. Les valeurs de δ$^{18}$O et δD varient de −5.0 à −6.4 ‰, et −33 à −40 ‰, respectivement, suggérant une dilution du réservoir salé par de l’eau douce de type karstique. Un excédent d’ions Ca$^{2+}$ et Sr$^{2+}$ par rapport à un mélange conservatif est attribué aux réactions diagénétiques des eaux thermales avec les carbonates du Crétacé en profondeur. La composition isotopique mesurée du Sr (rapport $^{87}$Sr/$^{86}$Sr ) s’étend entre 0.70803 et 0.70814; Après correction pour l’excédent de Sr, un rapport $^{87}$Sr/$^{86}$Sr représentatif d’une paléo eau de mer Miocène est obtenu. Les gaz dissous indiquent des interactions eau-gaz de longue durée avec un phase gazeuse d’origine profonde (crustale), dominée par le CO$_{2}$ et marquée par une composition isotopique TDIC de −5.9 à −8.8 et une signature hélium avec 0.08 < R/Ra < 0.27, qui est typique de la croute. Un scénario possible pour le réservoir thermal de Monfalcone considère des eaux anciennes marines miocènes qui se sont infiltrées par les vides karstiques formés dans les carbonates crétacés durant l’emersion éocene de la plateforme, et qui ont été rendues prisonnières du fait de l’ensevelissement progressif par les sédiments terrigènes.Se llevaron a cabo investigaciones geoquímicas para definir el origen de la baja a moderada temperatura de aguas termales que alimentan a los manantiales de Monfalcone en el norte de Italia, Los datos químicos indican que las aguas se aproximan a la composición del agua de mar. Se destacan los procesos de mezcla con aguas frías de baja salinidad. Los valores de δ$^{18}$O y δD están en el rango de −5.0 a −6.4 ‰, y −33 a −40 ‰, respectivamente, sugiriendo la dilución del reservorio salino por agua dulces de tipo kárstico. Un exceso de los iones Ca$^{2+}$ y Sr$^{2+}$ con respecto a una mezcla conservativa se atribuye a reacciones diagenéticas de las agua termales con carbonatos del Cretácico en profundidad. La composición medida del isótopo Sr (relación $^{87}$Sr/$^{86}$Sr) varía entre 0.70803 y 0.70814; después de haber corregido por los excesos de Sr, relación $^{87}$Sr/$^{86}$Sr obtenida indica paleoaguas marinas del Mioceno. La presencia de gases disueltos indica las interacciones gas – agua de larga duración con una fase gaseosa originada en profundidad de origen cortical, dominada por CO$_{2}$ y marcada por una composición isotópica del agua TDIC en el rango de −5.9 a −8.8 y vestigios de helio con 0.08 < R/Ra < 0.27, que es un intervalo típico para la corteza. Un escenario posible para el reservorio termal de Monfalcone consiste en paleoaguas marinas del Mioceno las cuales se infiltraron a través de huecos kárstico formados dentro de los carbonatos prevalentes del Cretácico durante la emersión de la plataforma en el Eoceno superior, y que fueron entrampados por un enterramiento progresivo debido a sedimentos terrígenos.地球化学调查界定了意大利北部Monfalcone(蒙法尔科内)低-中温温泉水的来源。化学数据显示,水的成分与海水相同。很明显,与寒冷的低盐度水的混合过程十分明显。δ$^{18}$O 和 δD值分别在–5.0至-6.4‰ 和–33到40‰。这一现象表明地下卡斯特淡水河对盐水储层的稀释作用。剩余的Ca$^{2+}$ 和 Sr$^{2+}$离子归因于热水域与白垩纪碳酸盐在深度的成岩反应的结果。检测到的Sr 同位素成分($^{87}$Sr/$^{86}$Sr 比率) 在0.70803和0.70814之间。修正后,剩余的Sr, $^{87}$Sr/$^{86}$Sr的比率现实出来自中新世的古海水。溶解的气体显示,持续的源于地壳的二氧化碳与水的相互作用,主要由水中的TDIC 同位素成分在-5.9到-8.8和氦0.08 < R/Ra < 0.27。这是典型的源于地壳数值。蒙法尔科内热储层极有可能是由中新世的古海水渗入在上始新世形成的碳酸盐平台,被连续的陆源沉积物截流形成的。Geokemijska istraživanja provedena su kako bi se utvrdilo porijeklo termalnih voda niskih do srednjih temperatura koje napajaju Monfalconske izvore u sjevernoj Italiji. Kemijski podatci pokazuju da se sastav voda približava sastavu morske vode. Istaknuti su procesi miješanja sa hladnim vodama niskog saliniteta. Vrijednosti δ$^{18}$O i δD u rasponu su od −5.0 do −6.4 ‰ odnosno −33 to −40 ‰, sugerirajući razrjeđivanje slanog rezervoara slatkim vodama krškog tipa. Višak iona Ca$^{2+}$ i Sr$^{2+}$ s obzirom na konzervativno miješanje pripisuje se diagenetičkim reakcijama termalnih voda s krednim karbonatima u dubini. Izmjereni izotopni sasatav (omjer $^{87}$Sr/$^{86}$Sr) varira između 0.70803 i 0.70814, nakon ispravka za suvišan Sr, pokazujući paleo morsku vodu iz Miocena. Otopljeni plinovi pokazuju dugoročne interakcije plinova i voda s plinovitom fazom dubokog krustalnog porijetla s dominirajućim CO$_{2}$ i istaknutim izotopnom kompozicijom TDIC-a u rasponu −5.9 do −8.8 i helija sa 0.08 < R/Ra < 0.27, što je tipičan raspon za koru. Mogući scenarij za Monfalkonski termalni spremnik sastoji se od miocenskih morskih paleo voda koje prodiru kroz krške šupljine formirane u pretežno krednim karbonatima tijekom izdizanja platforme u gornjem Eocenu koje su zatočene od strane progresivnog pokopavanje terestičkim sedimenatima.Realizaram-se investigações geoquímicas com o fim de identificar a origem de águas termais de baixa a moderada temperatura que alimentam as nascentes de Monfalcone, no norte de Itália. Os dados químicos indicam que a água tem composição próxima da água do mar. Salienta-se a existência de processos de mistura com águas de baixas temperatura e salinidade. Os valores de δ$^{18}$O e δD apresentam-se entre −5.0 a −6.4 ‰ e −33 a −40 ‰, respetivamente, o que sugere a diluição das águas marinhas por águas continentais de origem cársica. Um excesso de iões de Ca$^{2+}$ e Sr$^{2+}$ relativamente a uma mistura conservativa é atribuída a reações diagenéticas com águas termais cretácicas profundas. As composições isotópicas analisadas de Sr (relação $^{87}$Sr/$^{86}$Sr) variam entre 0.70803 e 0.70814; no entanto, após a correção do excesso de Sr, a relação $^{87}$Sr/$^{86}$Sr aponta para a presença de uma água fóssil de idade miocénica. Os gases dissolvidos indiciam um longo período de interações gás-água, com uma fase gasosa de origem crustal profunda dominada por CO$_{2}$ e marcada por uma água com valores de carbono inorgânico dissolvido total entre −5.9 e −8.8 e uma assinatura de hélio com 0.08 < R/Ra < 0.27, a qual corresponde a um intervalo típico de origem crustal. Um cenário possível para o reservatório termal de Monfalcone consiste em paleoáguas marinhas miocénicas infiltradas através de cavidades cársicas formadas no seio das rochas carbonatadas do Cretácico durante a emersão da plataforma no Eocénico superior, as quais foram aprisionadas pelo progressivo preenchimento das cavidades por sedimentos terrígenos.Na termalnih vodah izvira pri Tržiču v severni Italiji, ki imajo od nizke do zmerne temperature, so bile opravljene geokemijske preiskave za določitev njihovega izvora. Kemijski podatki te termalne vode kažejo značilnosti, ki so podobne tistim morske vode. Poudarjeni so tudi procesi mešanja s hladno vodo nizke slanosti. Vrednosti δ$^{18}$O in δD so v intervalu od −5.0 do −6.4 ‰ prve in od −33 do −40 ‰ druge in kažejo torej na redčenje slanega rezervoarja s sladkimi vodami kraškega značaja. Diagenetske reakcije in interakcije s karbonatno matriko so povzročile presežek ionov Ca$^{2 +}$ in Sr$^{2 +}$ v primerjavi z binarnim konzervativnim postopkom mešanja, kar kaže na globoke procese interakcije s karbonati iz obdobja Krede. Izmerjena izotopska sestava Sr ( razmerje $^{87}$Sr/$^{86}$Sr ) se giblje med 0.70803 and 0.70814; po korekciji za presežek Sr, razmerje $^{87}$Sr/$^{86}$Sr nakazuje paleo-morsko vodo iz Miocena. Raztopljeni plini nakazujejo dolgotrajne interakcije plin-voda s plinsko komponento globokega izvora v zemeljski skorji. V komponenti prevladuje CO$_{2}$, vrednosti izotopske sestave vode TDIC so v intervalu od −5.9 do −8.8 in helij je med 0.08 < R/Ra < 0.27, kar je tipično v zemeljski skorji. Možni scenarij za termalni rezervoar v Tržiču je torej prisotnost paleo-morske vode iz Miocena, ki je prodrla skozi kraške votline, ki so predhodno nastale v karbonatih iz pretežno obdobja Krede, v času nastajanja celine v Zgornjem Eocenu in ki je bila ujeta in zaprta v karbonatih od naknadnega prekritja s terigeni sedimenti. |
| Starting Page | 1275 |
| Ending Page | 1287 |
| Page Count | 13 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 21 |
| Issue Number | 6 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Slovenian |
| Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
| Publisher Date | 2013-06-19 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Thermal water Carbonate rocks Stable isotopes Dissolved gases Italy Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geology Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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