NDLI: Assessment of well vulnerability for groundwater source protection based on a solute transport model: a case study from Jilin City, northeast China

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Huan, Huan Wang, Jinsheng Lai, Desheng Teng, Yanguo Zhai, Yuanzheng
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Well vulnerability assessment is essential for groundwater source protection. A quantitative approach to assess well vulnerability in a well capture zone is presented, based on forward solute transport modeling. This method was applied to three groundwater source areas (Jiuzhan, Hadawan and Songyuanhada) in Jilin City, northeast China. The ratio of the maximum contaminant concentration at the well to the released concentration at the contamination source (c $_{max}$/c $_{0}$) was determined as the well vulnerability indicator. The results indicated that well vulnerability was higher close to the pumping well. The well vulnerability in each groundwater source area was low. Compared with the other two source areas, the cone of depression at Jiuzhan resulted in higher spatial variability of c $_{max}$/c $_{0}$ and lower minimum c $_{max}$/c $_{0}$ by three orders of magnitude. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis indicated that the denitrification rate in the aquifer was the most sensitive with respect to well vulnerability. A process to derive a NO$_{3}$−N concentration at the pumping well is presented, based on determining the maximum nitrate loading limit to satisfy China’s drinking-water quality standards. Finally, the advantages, disadvantages and prospects for improving the precision of this well vulnerability assessment approach are discussed.L’évaluation de la vulnérabilité des puits est essential pour la protection des captages d’eau souterraine. Une approche quantitative pour l’évaluation de la vulnérabilité d’un puits dans une zone d’alimentation d’un captage est présentée, basée sur la modélisation du transport de soluté. Cette méthode a été appliquée sur trois zones d’alimentation de captage d’eaux souterraines (Jiuzhan, Hadawan et Songyuanhada) dans la ville de Jilin dans le Nord-Est de la Chine. Le rapport de la concentration maximale de contaminant au puits à la concentration au niveau de la source de contamination (c $_{max}$/c $_{0}$) a été déterminé en tant qu’indicateur de la vulnérabilité du puits. La vulnérabilité du puits pour chaque captage d’eau souterraine est faible. En comparaison avec les deux autres zones de captage, le cône de dépression à Jiuzhan entraine une variabilité spatiale plus élevée du rapport c $_{max}$/c $_{0}$ et plus faible du minimum de ce rapport par trois ordres de grandeur. En outre, une analyse de la sensibilité a indiqué que le taux de dénitrification dans l’aquifère est le plus sensible à l’égard de la vulnérabilité du puits. Une procédure pour dériver la concentration de NO$_{3}$–N au niveau du puits de pompage est présentée, basée sur la détermination de la concentration limite maximale en nitrate pour satisfaire les normes de qualité de l’eau potable en Chine. Enfin, les avantages, inconvénients et les perspectives d’amélioration de la précision de cette approche d’évaluation de la vulnérabilité d’un puits sont discutés.La evaluación de la vulnerabilidad de un pozo es esencial para la protección de una fuente de agua subterránea. Se presenta un enfoque cuantitativo para evaluar la vulnerabilidad de un pozo en una zona de pozos de captura, basado en la modelación del transporte de soluto. Este método se aplicó en tres áreas de fuentes de agua subterránea (Jiuzhan, Hadawan and Songyuanhada) en Jilin City, noreste de China. Se determinó a la relación entre la máxima concentración de contaminante en el pozo y la concentración liberada en la fuente de contaminación (c $_{max}$/c $_{0}$) como el indicador de vulnerabilidad del pozo. Los resultados indicaron que la vulnerabilidad del pozo fue más alta en las cercanías del pozo de bombeo. La vulnerabilidad del pozo en cada área fuente de agua subterránea fue baja. Comparado con las otras dos áreas fuentes, el cono de depresión de Jiuzhan resultó de una mayor variabilidad de de c $_{max}$/c $_{0}$ y un mínimo más bajo de c $_{max}$/c $_{0}$ en tres órdenes de magnitud. Además, un análisis de sensibilidad indicó que la tasa de desnitrificación en el acuífero fue la más sensible con respecto a la vulnerabilidad del pozo. Se presenta un proceso para derivar una concentración de NO$_{3}$–N en el pozo de bombeo, basada en la determinación del límite máximo de carga de nitrato para satisfacer los estándares de agua potable en China. Finalmente se discuten las ventajas y desventajas y los prospectos para mejorar la precisión de este enfoque de evaluación de la vulnerabilidad de un pozo.井脆弱性评估对于地下水水源地保护至关重要。本文提出了一种基于向前溶质运移模型的定量评价井捕获带范围内地下水脆弱性的方法,并应用于中国东北吉林市三个地下水水源保护区(九站、哈达湾和松源哈达)。该方法将到达井处的硝酸盐氮最高浓度与初始浓度的比值(c $_{max}$/c $_{0}$)作为井脆弱性的表征指标。评价结果显示:越靠近抽水井,井脆弱性越高。三个地下水水源保护区的井脆弱性均较低。与哈达湾和松源哈达地下水水源保护区相比,九站地下水水源保护区内的地下水降落漏斗导致区内c $_{max}$/c $_{0}$空间变异性较高,且与其他两个保护区最小的c $_{max}$/c $_{0}$值相差三个数量级。接着,敏感度分析结果表明含水层中反硝化作用速率是井脆弱性最大的影响因素。然后,文章计算了释放进入到地下水中硝酸盐氮的最高阈值,以保证井中抽出的地下水中硝酸盐浓度满足中国生活饮用水指标。最后,文章总结了该井脆弱性评价方法的优点、不足和改进前景。A avaliação de vulnerabilidade do poço é essencial para a proteção da origem da água subterrânea. É apresentada uma abordagem quantitativa para estimar a vulnerabilidade do poço na zona de captura do mesmo, com base em modelação direta de transporte de soluto. Este método foi aplicado em três áreas de origem das águas subterrâneas (Jiuzhan, Hadawan e Songyuanhada) na cidade de Jilin, no nordeste da China. A relação entre a concentração máxima de contaminantes no poço e a concentração libertada no ponto original de contaminação (c $_{max}$/c $_{0}$) foi determinada como o indicador de vulnerabilidade do poço. Os resultados indicaram que a vulnerabilidade do poço era maior na proximidade do poço em bombeamento. A vulnerabilidade do poço em cada área de origem das águas subterrâneas é baixa. Em comparação com as outras duas áreas de origem, o cone de depressão em Jiuzhan resultou em maior variabilidade espacial de c $_{max}$/c $_{0}$ e num mínimo c $_{max}$/c $_{0}$ menor em três ordens de magnitude. Além disso, uma análise de sensibilidade indicou que a taxa de desnitrificação no aquífero foi a mais sensível no que diz respeito à vulnerabilidade do poço. É apresentado um processo com base na determinação do limite de carga máxima de nitrato para obter uma concentração de NO$_{3}$–N no poço de bombeamento, de modo a satisfazer os padrões de qualidade da água potável da China. Por fim, são discutidas as vantagens, desvantagens e perspetivas para melhorar a precisão desta abordagem de avaliação de vulnerabilidade dos poços.
Starting Page	581
Ending Page	596
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	23
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2014-12-18
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Vulnerability mapping Groundwater protection Contamination Solute transport China Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geology Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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