NDLI: Hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry at a site of strategic importance: the Pareja Limno-reservoir drainage basin (Guadalajara, central Spain)

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Molina Navarro, Eugenio Sastre Merlín, Antonio Vicente, Rosa Martínez Pérez, Silvia
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	A small calcareous basin in central Spain was studied to establish the role of groundwater in the Pareja Limno-reservoir. Limno-reservoirs aim to preserve a constant water level in the riverine zone of large reservoirs to mitigate the impacts arising from their construction. Groundwater flow contribution (mean 60 %) was derived by recharge estimation. In situ measurements (spring discharge, electrical conductivity and sulfate) were undertaken and spring discharge was compared with a drought index. Twenty-eight springs were monitored and three hydrogeological units (HGUs) were defined: a carbonate plateau (HGU1), the underlying aquitard (HGU2), and the gypsum-enriched HGU3. HGU1 is the main aquifer and may play a role in the preservation of the limno-reservoir water level. Hydrogeochemical sampling was conducted and the code PHREEQC used to describe the main geochemical processes. Weathering and dissolution of calcite and gypsum seem to control the hydrogeochemical processes in the basin. Water progresses from Ca$^{2+}$–HCO$_{3}$ $^{–}$ in the upper basin to Ca$^{2+}$–SO$_{4}$ $^{2–}$ in the lower basin, where HGU3 outcrops. A clear temporal pattern was observed in the limno-reservoir, with salinity decreasing in winter and increasing in summer. This variation was wider at the river outlet, but the mixing of the river discharge with limno-reservoir water buffered it.Un petit bassin versant calcaire du centre de l’Espagne a été étudié afin de définir le rôle de l’eau souterraine dans le limno-réservoir de Pareja. Les limno-réservoir sont destinés à préserver un niveau constant d’eau dans la zone fluviale de grands réservoirs pour atténuer les impacts résultant de leur construction. La contribution de l’eau souterraine (60 % en moyenne) a été estimée à partir des données de recharge. Des mesures in situ (débit de sources, conductivité électrique et sulfates) ont été réalisées et l’analyse des débits des sources a été comparée avec un indice de sécheresse. Vingt-huit sources ont fait l’objet d’un suivi et trois unités hydrogéologiques (HGUs) ont été définies: un plateau carbonaté (HGU1), le substratum imperméable sous-jacent (HGU2) et un niveau enrichi en gypse HGU3. HGU1 constitue l’aquifère principal et peut jouer un rôle dans la conservation du niveau d’eau du limno-réservoir. Un échantillonnage en vue d’analyses hydrogéochimiques a été réalisé et le code PHREEQC a été utilisé pour décrire les processus géochimiques principaux. L’altération et la dissolution de la calcite et du gypse semblent contrôler les processus hydrogéochimiques du bassin versant. La chimie de l’eau évolue depuis un faciès Ca$^{2+}$–HCO$_{3}$ $^{–}$ dans la partie supérieure du bassin versant vers un faciès Ca$^{2+}$–SO$_{4}$ $^{2–}$ dans la partie inférieure, où HGU3 affleure. Une évolution temporelle claire a été observée dans le limno-réservoir, avec une salinité diminuant en hiver et augmentant en été. Cette variation est plus importante à l’embouchure de la rivière, mais le mélange entre l’eau de la rivière et l’eau du limno-réservoir l’amortit.Se ha estudiado una pequeña cuenca calcárea para adquirir conocimiento sobre el papel que juega el agua subterránea el Limnoembalse de Pareja. Los limnoembalses están ideados para mantener una masa de agua de nivel constante en las zonas de cola de grandes embalses y así mitigar los impactos derivados de la construcción de éstos. Se calculó la aportación subterránea (≈60 %) mediante estimación de la recarga. Se tomaron medidas in situ (caudal, conductividad eléctrica y sulfatos) y se comparó el caudal de los manantiales con un índice de sequía. Se realizó el seguimiento de 28 manantiales y se definieron tres unidades hidrogeológicas (HGUs): una plataforma carbonatada (HGU1), bajo ella, un acuitardo (HGU2), y finalmente un sustrato margo-yesífero (HGU3). La HGU1 resultó ser el principal acuífero, pudiendo jugar un papel relevante en el mantenimiento del nivel de agua del limnoembalse. También se realizó un muestreo hidrogeoquímico y los principales procesos geoquímicos fueron descritos aplicando el modelo PHREEQC. La meteorización y disolución de la calcita y el yeso parecen controlar los procesos hidrogeoquímicos en la cuenca. El agua es bicarbonatada cálcica en la cuenca alta y progresa a sulfatada cálcica en la cuenca baja, donde toma protagonismo la HGU3. Se observó un claro patrón temporal en la zona del limnoembalse, disminuyendo la salinidad en invierno y aumentando en verano. No obstante, se aprecia el efecto amortiguador ejercido por las aguas del limnoembalse con respecto a la mayor variación observada en el tramo bajo del río.西班牙中部的一个小型石灰质流域进行了研究,确定了地下水在Pareja湖泊-水库流域的作用。湖泊-水库目的在于保持大的水库河流带恒定的水位,缓解水库建设带来的影响。据估算,平均60%的地下水流来自补给。进行了一系列现场测量(泉排泄量、电导率和硫酸盐),并把泉排泄量与干旱指数进行了对比。监测了28个泉,界定了3个水文地质单元:碳酸盐高原(单元1)、下伏的弱透水层(单元2)和富含石膏层(单元3)。单元1 是个主要含水层,可在保持湖泊-水库水位中发挥作用。进行了水文地球化学采样,采用PHREEQC编码描述了主要的地球化学过程。方解石和石膏的风化和溶解似乎控制着流域的水文地球化学过程。在单元3出露的地方,水从流域上游的Ca$^{2+}$–HCO$_{3}$ $^{–}$型变为下游的Ca$^{2+}$–SO$_{4}$ $^{2–}$型。在湖泊-水库中观测到了清晰的时间格局,盐度冬季降低,夏季增加。这种变化在河口更大,但河的排泄和湖泊-水库水混合减轻了这种变化。Uma pequena bacia calcária no centro de Espanha foi estudada para se compreender a importância das águas subterrâneas no Limno-reservatório de Pareja. Os limno-reservatórios têm como finalidade manter o nível de água constante nas zonas adjacentes de grandes reservatórios para mitigar os impactes resultantes da sua construção. A contribuição do fluxo das águas subterrâneas (média de 60 %) foi obtida por estimativas da recarga. Foram realizadas medições in situ (caudais de nascentes, condutividade elétrica e sulfatos) e os caudais das nascentes foram comparados com o índice de cheias. Foram monitorizadas vinte e oito nascentes e foram definidas três unidades hidrogeológicas (HGUs): um planalto calcário (HGU1), o aquitardo subjacente (HGU2), e a unidade rica em gesso HGU3. HGU1 é o aquífero principal e pode desempenhar um papel na preservação do nível de água do limno-reservatório. Foi também efetuada uma campanha hidrogeoquímica e o programa PHREEQC foi usado para descrever os principais processos geoquímicos. A alteração por meteorização e dissolução de calcite e de gesso parecem controlar os processos hidrogeoquímicos na bacia. A qualidade da água progride de Ca$^{2+}$–HCO$_{3}$ $^{–}$ na parte superior da bacia a Ca$^{2+}$–SO$_{4}$ $^{2–}$ na parte de jusante da bacia, onde aflora o HGU3. Foi observado um claro padrão temporal no limno-reservatório, onde a salinidade decresce no inverno e sobe no verão. Esta variação é maior na saída do rio mas a mistura do caudal fluvial com o limno-reservatório tem um efeito tampão.
Starting Page	1115
Ending Page	1129
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	22
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2014-03-19
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Basin hydrogeology Carbonate aquifer Hydrogeochemistry Limno-reservoir Spain Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geology Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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