NDLI: Diffuse volcanic degassing and thermal energy release from Hengill volcanic system, Iceland

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Hernández, Pedro A. Pérez, Nemesio M. Fridriksson, Thráinn Egbert, Jolie Ilyinskaya, Evgenia Thárhallsson, Andri Ívarsson, Gretar Gíslason, Gestur Gunnarsson, Ingvi Jónsson, Birgir Padrón, Eleazar Melián, Gladys Mori, Toshiya tsu, Kenji
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	We report the first detailed study of spatial variations on the diffuse emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from Hengill volcanic system, Iceland. Soil CO2 and H2S efflux measurements were performed at 752 sampling sites and ranged from nondetectable to 17,666 and 722 g m−2 day−1, respectively. The soil temperature was measured at each sampling site and used to evaluate the heat flow. The chemical composition of soil gases sampled at selected sampling sites during this study shows they result from a mixing process between deep volcanic/hydrothermal component and air. Most of the diffuse CO2 degassing is observed close to areas where active thermal manifestations occur, northeast flank of the Hengill central volcano close to the Nesjavellir power plant, suggesting a diffuse degassing structure with a SSW–NNE trend, overlapping main fissure zone and indicating a structural control of the degassing process. On the other hand, H2S efflux values are in general very low or negligible along the study area, except those observed at the northeast flank of the Hengill central volcano, where anomalously high CO2 efflux and soil temperatures were also measured. The total diffuse CO2 emission estimated for this volcanic system was about 1,526 ± 160 t day−1 of which 453 t day−1 (29.7 %) are of volcanic/hydrothermal origin. To calculate the steam discharge associated with the volcanic/hydrothermal CO2 output, we used the average H2O/CO2 mass ratio from 12 fumarole samples equal to 88.6 (range, 9.4–240.2) as a representative value of the H2O/CO2 mass ratios for Hengill fumarole steam. The resulting estimate of the steam flow associated with the gas flux is equal to 40,154 t day−1. The condensation of this steam results in thermal energy release for Helgill volcanic system of 1.07 × 1014 J day−1 or to a total heat flow of 1,237 MWt.
Starting Page	2435
Ending Page	2448
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISSN	02588900
Journal	Bulletin of Volcanology
Volume Number	74
Issue Number	10
e-ISSN	14320819
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2012-11-09
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Diffuse CO2 emission Diffuse H2S emission Heat flux Hengill volcano Geophysics/Geodesy Sedimentology Mineralogy Geology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Geochemistry and Petrology

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