NDLI: Factors affecting swimming economy in children and adults

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kjendlie, Per Ludvik Ingjer, Frank Stallman, Robert Keig Stray Gundersen, James
Copyright Year	2004
Abstract	The aim of this study was to examine the influence of several explanatory factors: anthropometry, buoyancy, passive underwater torque, drag and swimming technique on the energy cost of swimming front crawl in children and adults. Submaximal V̇O2 was measured in ten children (age 12) and 13 adults (age 21), as well as body length (BL), body mass, arm length, propelling size, active drag, hydrostatic lift, passive torque, intracyclic velocity fluctuation, hand slip, stroke length and body angle. The results show that body length (r=0.74), body mass (r=0.86) propelling size (r=0.61), arm length (r=0.66), distance between the center of mass and the center of volume (Δd, r=0.74) and body angle during swimming (r=−0.56) all showed significant linear relationships with the cost of swimming at 1.0 m·s−1 (CS1.0). When normalizing the cost of swimming to body size (CS1.0·BL−1) there were no differences between the two groups. The conclusions of this study are that the combination of BL, body mass, active drag factor, passive torque, drag efficiency and hydrostatic lift were able to explain 97% of the variation in the cost of swimming for the whole group of swimmers. The size-independent factors of torque and floating abilities (density and Δd in % of BL), together with swimming technique and active drag were found to explain 75% of the variations in CS1.0·BL−1. The identical values for CS1.0·BL−1 for children and adults are explained through the opposing effects of a better swimming technique in the adults, and a better passive torque in the children.
Starting Page	65
Ending Page	74
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14396319
Journal	European Journal of Applied Physiology
Volume Number	93
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	14396327
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2004-07-08
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Swimming Energy cost Children Swimming technique Passive torque
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physiology (medical) Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sports Science

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

Comparative analysis of the energy cost during front crawl swimming in children and adults

Differences in the energy cost between children and adults during front crawl swimming

Passive and active floating torque during swimming

Determinants of the energy cost of front-crawl swimming in children

Energetics of swimming: a historical perspective

Energy cost of front-crawl swimming at supra-maximal speeds and underwater torque in young swimmers

Energy cost of swimming of elite long-distance swimmers

Adults have lower stroke rate during submaximal front crawl swimming than children

Factors affecting the increased energy expenditure during passive cycling

Factors affecting swimming economy in children and adults

Similar Documents

Comparative analysis of the energy cost during front crawl swimming in children and adults

Differences in the energy cost between children and adults during front crawl swimming

Passive and active floating torque during swimming

Determinants of the energy cost of front-crawl swimming in children

Energetics of swimming: a historical perspective

Energy cost of front-crawl swimming at supra-maximal speeds and underwater torque in young swimmers

Energy cost of swimming of elite long-distance swimmers

Adults have lower stroke rate during submaximal front crawl swimming than children

Factors affecting the increased energy expenditure during passive cycling

Factors affecting swimming economy in children and adults