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Interleukin 12, interferon gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha are the key cytokines of the generalized Shwartzman reaction
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Ozmen, L. Pericin, Marcus Hakimi, John Chizzonite, Richard A. Wysocka, Maria Trinchieri, Giorgio Gately, Maurice Garotta, Gianni |
| Copyright Year | 1994 |
| Abstract | The Shwartzman reaction is elicited by two injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. The priming LPS injection is given in the footpad, whereas the lethal LPS challenge is given intravenously 24 h later. The injection of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) or interleukin 12 (IL-12) instead of the LPS priming injection induced the lethal reaction in mice further challenged with LPS. Antibodies against IFN-gamma when given together with the priming agent, prevented the lethal reaction in mice primed with either LPS, IL-12, or IFN-gamma. Antibodies against IL-12, when given together with the priming agent, prevented the lethal reaction in mice primed with either LPS or IL-12 but not with IFN-gamma. These results strongly suggest that LPS induces the release of IL-12, that IL-12 induces the production of IFN-gamma, and that IFN-gamma is the cytokine that primes macrophages and other cell types. Upon LPS challenge, the lethal Shwartzman reaction is induced by a massive production of inflammatory cytokines that act on the target sites already sensitized by IFN-gamma. If mixtures of TNF and IL-1 or mixtures of TNF and IFN-gamma are used to challenge mice previously primed with IFN-gamma or IL-12, mortality is induced. In the same conditions, the individual cytokines or a mixture of IL-1 and IFN-gamma do not replace the LPS challenge. When the mice are primed with LPS, the combination of TNF, IL-1, and IFN-gamma induced only a partial mortality incidence suggesting that the involvement of other LPS-induced factors. |
| Starting Page | 907 |
| Ending Page | 915 |
| Page Count | 9 |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| PubMed reference number | 7914909v1 |
| Volume Number | 180 |
| Journal | The Journal of experimental medicine |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Drug Allergy Footpad Interferon Type II Interleukin-12 Interleukins Lipopolysaccharides Priming Exercise Recombinant Interferon-gamma cell type cytokine mixture tumor necrosis |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
