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Eficacia de un entrenamiento en neurofeedback de la onda cerebral alfa en el tratamiento del estrés, la ansiedad, la depresión y los síntomas psicosomáticos
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Lezana, Alexandra Glink |
| Copyright Year | 2018 |
| Abstract | Effectiveness of an alpha brainwave neurofeedback training in the treatment of stress, anxiety, depression and psychosomatic symptoms. Introduction. Anxiety and depression are the most common mental disorders. Biofeedback is a technique that allows to improve people’s health by learning to control certain internal bodily processes that normally occur involuntarily. Various studies in the past have shown usefulness of alpha brainwave electroencephalographic biofeedback or neurofeedback in the alleviation of stress, anxiety and depression symptoms. In this study, we have applied an alpha brainwave neurofeedback training protocol that consists in three training phases to participants with stress, anxiety, depression and other psychosomatic symptoms to provide them with the ability to learn to increase their alpha brain activity to reduce their symptomatology. Objectives. To investigate if individuals with stress, anxiety, depression and psychosomatic symptoms can learn to increase their alpha brainwave amplitude through neurofeedback training and if it can have positive psychological results by reducing stress, anxiety, depression and psychosomatic symptoms. Besides, we evaluate the effect of this training on reactivity and recovery from stress. Methodology. Design. In a first stage, the study was carried out by a waiting list control design (intervention group n = 7 and control group n = 7); in a second stage, control group received the same intervention as intervention group, getting so, a prepost quasi-experimental design with 14 participants. Sample. Fourteen women aged between 25 and 60 years (mean age 37.85 years) with primary studies and most of them active in terms of work (mean 85.7%). All of them suffered stress, anxiety, depression and other psychosomatic symptoms; and a basal alpha brainwave amplitude lower than 10 μV. Materials. Before the experimental phase of the study, we provided participants with educational material: an explanatory document that informed about the study and treatment characteristics and an explanatory document about stress and anxiety, alpha ENTRENAMIENTO!EN!NEUROFEEDBACK!DE!LA!ONDA!CEREBRAL!ALFA! 10 brainwaves and neurofeedback training. Participants signed a consent sheet at the begining of the study and filled out the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) (Roberts and Attkisson, 1983; spanish version from Echeburúa and Corral, 1998) at the end of the study. Participants filled out a questionnary with demographic (age, gender, study level and laboral situation) and clinical (suffer of a chronic disease different from anxiety and depression; suffer of stress, anxiety or depression; type of psychosomatic symptoms; and take of any medication or substance that could influence the lecture of the encephalogram) characteristics. In the experimental phase, we utilized self-report instruments for pre and post-test: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (Zigmond and Snaith, 1983; version in catalan from Soto, Gras and Planes, 2008) to measure the gravity of anxiety and depression; the Listado de Síntomas Breve (LSB-50) (de Rivera and Abuín, 2003) to register the gravity of psychosomatic symptoms; and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) of Stress prepared for the study, utilized as a subjective mesure of stress. The instruments that we used to register the physiological variables were: for the heart frequency (utilized as a objective measure of stress) we utilized the Bio and Neurofeedback system Nexus-10 MKII (Mind Media BV, Echt, NL) and the Nexus Pulse Volum (BVP) (Mind Media BV, Echt, NL) sensor; for the alpha brainwave we utilized the bio and neurofeedback system Nexus-10 MKII (Mind Media BV, Echt, NL) and the EEG Nexus EXG and the Nexus EXG Ground (Mind Media BV, Echt, NL) sensors; and for both measurements, cardiac frequency and alpha brainwave, and for the training, we used the Bio and Neurofeedback program Biotrace+ (Mind Media BV, Echt, NL). Method. The participants contacted through an announcement published in the Psychology Centre and they were randomly assigned, by a list, in the intervention group (n = 7) (odd subjects) and in the waiting list control group (n = 7) (even subjects). The whole intervention was carried out in 12 sessions, two pre and post evaluation sessions and ten training sessions to increase alpha brainwave amplitude over their initial basal alpha (totally, 5 training hours). In the pre and post test we registered, with the auto-report instruments, anxiety and depression (HADS) and psychosomatic symptoms (LSB-50); and subjective (VAS) and objective (cardiac frequency) stress in three phases (basal conditions, reactivity and recovery from stress). The 10 alpha brainwave neurofeedback training sessions, distributed in two weekly 30 minuts sessions, consisted in two neurofeedback exercices (Smiley face and Waterfall) in wich the participants received auditive and visual feeback when their alpha brainwave were ENTRENAMIENTO!EN!NEUROFEEDBACK!DE!LA!ONDA!CEREBRAL!ALFA! 11 greater than their initial alpha brainwave. Before the exercices, we explained that they could influence positively in them with a relaxated state. The objective was that participants could increase their alpha brainwave amplitude along the whole training until they exceed the 10 μV. Results. Physiological variables. The mean alpha brain wave amplitude and heart rate before the training were similar in both groups (intervention and control). While after the alpha neurofeedback training: a) the mean alpha brain wave amplitude was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group in the three moments (basal, reactivity, recovery of stress); b) the mean heart rate was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group in the three moments. Clinical variables. The mean anxiety/depression, subjective stress and general distress scores before the training were similar in both groups. After the neurofeedback training: c) the mean anxiety/depression and general distress scores were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group; d) The mean subjective stress scores in the three moments (basal, reactivity and recovery from stress) were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group. Finally, e) the greater is the increment of alpha brain wave amplitude reached, higher is the reduction in anxiety/depression, and inversely, but this results are not significantly. Conclusions. Positive effects of a neurofeedback training, structured in three phases (basal conditions, reactivity and recovery from stress), are verified on participants stress, anxiety, depression and psychosomatic symptoms. These results support it’s use in the clinical training of anxiety, depression and other diseases related to stress. Besides, participants valued positively the training in terms of quantity and quality from the help received. ENTRENAMIENTO!EN!NEUROFEEDBACK!DE!LA!ONDA!CEREBRAL!ALFA! 12 |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/handle/10256/16331/tagl_20181126.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1 |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
