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Incorporation of core–shell particles into methacrylate based composites for improvement of the mechanical properties

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Fischer, Urs K. Sandmann, Benedict Happ, Bobby Mansfeld, Ulrich Schubert, Ulrich S. Schacher, Felix H. Moszner, Norbert Hager, Martin D. Burtscher, Peter Hoeppener, Stephanie Perevyazko, Igor Rudolph, Tobias
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	The fracture toughness of polymeric materials and composites can be enhanced by the incorporation of polymer nanoparticles. The combination of a soft core and a hard shell leads to an improvement of the fracture toughness of the polymeric composites. Thereby, the mechanical resistance of the materials is commonly decreased. In our approach, core–shell nanoparticles consisting of an ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) crosslinked poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) core and a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) shell were synthesized. The polymer particles were incorporated into triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)/urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) based composites in order to tune the mechanical properties. Different core–shell ratios were applied to study the influence on the fracture toughness and E-modulus. An examination of shell-crosslinking with a TEGDMA content of up to 8% was performed to improve particle stability and dispersibility. The particle sizes and morphologies were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC). Latex particle sizes of 70 to 220 nm were obtained. The mechanical properties (flexural strength, E-modulus and K1c) of polymer composites were investigated in three-point bending tests. Core/shell ratios of 50/50 showed a decreasing effect on flexural strength, E-modulus and K1c. Polymer particles with core/shell ratios of 30/70 led to a significant increase of the mechanical properties with maxima of 1.206 MPa m1/2 (K1c) (increase of 65%), E-modulus of 1.90 GPa (increase of 18%) and flexural strength of 79 MPa (increase of 18%). This study represents the first report of a simultaneous improvement of fracture toughness and E-modulus (at the same time) of additive filled polymer composites. The improvement of mechanical properties makes these materials interesting as tougheners for hard tissue applications like bone cements or dental replacement materials.
Starting Page	5273
Ending Page	5280
Page Count	8
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	17599954
Volume Number	6
Issue Number	29
Journal	Polymer Chemistry
DOI	10.1039/c4py01544d
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Philippine Basketball Association Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy Polymer Poly(methyl methacrylate) Butyl acrylate PBA Fracture toughness Para-Methoxy-N-methylamphetamine Triethylene glycol Ultracentrifuge Dynamic light scattering Flexural strength Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Bone
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Organic Chemistry Biochemistry Bioengineering Biomedical Engineering Polymers and Plastics

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