NDLI: Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of gardenia fruit oil with bioactive components and their identification and quantification by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS<sup>2</sup>

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Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of gardenia fruit oil with bioactive components and their identification and quantification by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS²

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Liu, Gang Li, Shuyi Guo, Ying Zhu, Zhenzhou Yang, Jun Liu, Zhiwei Zhang, Rui Cai, Xiaoshuang He, Jingren
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Compounds in Fructus Gardeniae have been shown to possess a wide array of biological activities. However, Gardenia oil extracted from its fruit is less reported and its composition remains uncertain. To completely characterize lipophilic compounds in Gardenia oil, three conventional extraction (CE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) methods were investigated. The oil extraction yield obtained by UAE was 51.8% higher than that acquired by cold-pressed extraction (CPE). The fatty acid profile in UAE oil with different solvents was characterized by GC-MS. Petroleum ether was observed to be an ideal solvent with 8.59% extraction yield and 78.88% recovery rate and with a ratio of 3.11 of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids. Response surface methodology (RSM) with Box–Behnken Design (BBD) was applied to optimize conditions in UEA of oil to maximize extraction yield. Furthermore, the bioactive components in oil extracted by UAE were qualitatively identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS2 and HPLC-DAD analysis. The eight compounds in Gardenia oil, including geniposide, trans/cis-crocin-1, crocin-2, crocin-3, crocin-4, and trans/cis-crocetin, were structurally revealed. The corresponding transfer rates of the bioactive components showed that the lipophilic trans/cis-crocetin could be completely transferred from fruit to oil, with the highest concentration of 11.38 μg g−1 oil among all compounds quantified. These findings could deliver potential application to a large-scale production of functional Gardenia oil whose bioactive components possess health benefits.
Starting Page	2194
Ending Page	2204
Page Count	11
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	20426496
Volume Number	6
Issue Number	7
Journal	Food & Function
DOI	10.1039/c5fo00205b
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	CPE UEA Behnken Design Fructus Gardeniae Gardenia UAE Lipophilicity United Arab Emirates Fatty acid Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry Petroleum ether Solvent Response surface methodology Box\u2013Behnken design Crocin
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Food Science

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Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of gardenia fruit oil with bioactive components and their identification and quantification by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS²