NDLI: Compressive nonlinearity in the hair bundle's active response to mechanical stimulation

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Martin, P. Hudspeth, A. J.
Copyright Year	2001
Abstract	The auditory system's ability to interpret sounds over a wide range of amplitudes rests on the nonlinear responsiveness of the ear. Whether measured by basilar-membrane vibration, nerve-fiber activity, or perceived loudness, the ear is most sensitive to small signals and grows progressively less responsive as stimulation becomes stronger. Seeking a correlate of this behavior at the level of mechanoelectrical transduction, we examined the responses of hair bundles to direct mechanical stimulation. As reported by the motion of an attached glass fiber, an active hair bundle from the bullfrog's sacculus oscillates spontaneously. Sinusoidal movement of the fiber's base by as little as ±1 nm, corresponding to the application at the bundle's top of a force of ±0.3 pN, causes detectable phase-locking of the bundle's oscillations to the stimulus. Although entrainment increases as the stimulus grows, the amplitude of the hair-bundle movement does not rise until phase-locking is nearly complete. A bundle is most sensitive to stimulation at its frequency of spontaneous oscillation. Far from that frequency, the sensitivity of an active hair bundle resembles that of a passive bundle. Over most of its range, an active hair bundle's response grows as the one-third power of the stimulus amplitude; the bundle's sensitivity declines accordingly in proportion to the negative two-thirds power of the excitation. This scaling behavior, also found in the response of the mammalian basilar membrane to sound, signals the operation of an amplificatory process at the brink of an oscillatory instability, a Hopf bifurcation.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.251530498
Ending Page	14391
Page Count	6
Starting Page	14386
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	25
Volume Number	98
Language	English
Publisher	The National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	2001-12-04
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	The National Academy of Sciences
Subject Keyword	General Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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Compressive nonlinearity in the hair bundle's active response to mechanical stimulation.

Comparison of a hair bundle's spontaneous oscillations with its response to mechanical stimulation reveals the underlying active process

Comparison of a hair bundle's spontaneous oscillations with its response to mechanical stimulation reveals the underlying active process.

Active hair-bundle movements can amplify a hair cell’s response to oscillatory mechanical stimuli

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Contribution of active hair-bundle motility to nonlinear amplification in the mammalian cochlea

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