NDLI: Unusual surface and edge morphologies, sp 2 to sp 3 hybridized transformation and electronic damage after Ar+ ion irradiation of few-layer graphene surfaces

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Al-harthi, Salim Hamood Elzain, Md Al-barwani, Muataz Amal, Kora'a Hysen, Thomas Myint, Myo Tay Zar Anantharaman, Maliemadom Ramaswamy
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Roughness and defects induced on few-layer graphene (FLG) irradiated by Ar+ ions at different energies were investigated using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy techniques. The results provide direct experimental evidence of ripple formation, sp 2 to sp 3 hybridized carbon transformation, electronic damage, Ar+ implantation, unusual defects and edge reconstructions in FLG, which depend on the irradiation energy. In addition, shadowing effects similar to those found in oblique-angle growth of thin films were seen. Reliable quantification of the transition from the sp 2-bonding to sp 3-hybridized state as a result of Ar+ ion irradiation is achieved from the deconvolution of the XPS C (1s) peak. Although the ion irradiation effect is demonstrated through the shape of the derivative of the Auger transition C KVV spectra, we show that the D parameter values obtained from these spectra which are normally used in the literature fail to account for the sp 2 to sp 3 hybridization transition. In contrast to what is known, it is revealed that using ion irradiation at large FLG sample tilt angles can lead to edge reconstructions. Furthermore, FLG irradiation by low energy of 0.25 keV can be a plausible way of peeling graphene layers without the need of Joule heating reported previously.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1556-276x-7-466
Starting Page	466
File Format	PDF
ISSN	1556276X
e-ISSN	1556276X
Journal	Nanoscale Research Letters
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	7
Language	English
Publisher	Springer
Publisher Date	2012-01-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	Springer
Subject Keyword	Materials Science(all) Condensed Matter Physics Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Condensed Matter Physics

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Unusual surface and edge morphologies, sp2 to sp3 hybridized transformation and electronic damage after Ar+ ion irradiation of few-layer graphene surfaces

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