NDLI: Voltage-gated proton channel in a dinoflagellate

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Smith, Susan M. E. Morgan, Deri Musset, Boris Cherny, Vladimir V. Place, Allen R. Hastings, J. Woodland Decoursey, Thomas E.
Abstract	Fogel and Hastings first hypothesized the existence of voltage-gated proton channels in 1972 in bioluminescent dinoflagellates, where they were thought to trigger the flash by activating luciferase. Proton channel genes were subsequently identified in human, mouse, and Ciona intestinalis, but their existence in dinoflagellates remained unconfirmed. We identified a candidate proton channel gene from a Karlodinium veneficum cDNA library based on homology with known proton channel genes. K. veneficum is a predatory, nonbioluminescent dinoflagellate that produces toxins responsible for fish kills worldwide. Patch clamp studies on the heterologously expressed gene confirm that it codes for a genuine voltage-gated proton channel, kHV1: it is proton-specific and activated by depolarization, its g H–V relationship shifts with changes in external or internal pH, and mutation of the selectivity filter (which we identify as Asp51) results in loss of proton-specific conduction. Indirect evidence suggests that kHV1 is monomeric, unlike other proton channels. Furthermore, kHV1 differs from all known proton channels in activating well negative to the Nernst potential for protons, E H. This unique voltage dependence makes the dinoflagellate proton channel ideally suited to mediate the proton influx postulated to trigger bioluminescence. In contrast to vertebrate proton channels, whose main function is acid extrusion, we propose that proton channels in dinoflagellates have fundamentally different functions of signaling and excitability.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1115405108
Ending Page	18167
Page Count	6
Starting Page	18162
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	44
Volume Number	108
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	2011-11-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	National Academy of Sciences
Subject Keyword	General Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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