NDLI: Superior Removal of Hydantoin Lesions Relative to other Oxidized Bases by the Human DNA Glycosylase hNEIL1¶

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Krishnamurthy, Nirmala Zhao, Xiaobei Burrows, Cynthia J. David, Sheila S.
Abstract	The DNA glycosylase hNEIL1 initiates the base excision repair (BER) of a diverse array of lesions, including ring-opened purines and saturated pyrimidines. Of these, the hydantoin lesions, guanidinohydantoin (Gh) and the two diastereomers of spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp1 and Sp2) have garnered much recent attention due to their unusual structures, high mutagenic potential and detection in cells. In order to provide insight into the role of repair, the excision efficiency by hNEIL1 of these hydantoin lesions relative to other known substrates was determined. Most notably, quantitative examination of the substrate specificity with hNEIL1 revealed that the hydantoin lesions are excised much more efficiently (> 100-fold faster) than the reported standard substrates thymine glycol (Tg) and 5-hydroxycytosine (5-OHC). Importantly, the glycosylase and β,δ-lyase reactions are tightly coupled such that the rate of the lyase activity does not influence the observed substrate specificity. The activity of hNEIL1 is also influenced by the base pair partner of the lesion, with both Gh and Sp removal being more efficient when paired with T, G or C than when paired with A. Notably, the most efficient removal is observed with the Gh or Sp paired in the unlikely physiological context with T; indeed, this may be a consequence of the unstable nature of base pairs with T. However, the facile removal via BER in promutagenic base pairs that are reasonably formed after replication (such as Gh:G) may be a factor that modulates the mutagenic profile of these lesions. In addition, hNEIL1 excises Sp1 faster than Sp2 indicating the enzyme can discriminate between the two diastereomers. This is the first time that a BER glycosylase has been shown to be able to preferentially excise one diastereomer of Sp. This may be a consequence of the architecture of the active site of hNEIL1 and the structural uniqueness of the Sp lesion. These results indicate that the hydantoin lesions are the best substrates identified thus far for hNEIL1, and suggest that repair of these lesions may be a critical function of the hNEIL1 enzyme in vivo.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi800160s
Ending Page	7146
Page Count	10
Starting Page	7137
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00062960
e-ISSN	15204995
Journal	Biochemistry
Issue Number	27
Volume Number	47
Language	English
Publisher Date	2008-07-01
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Biochemistry Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biochemistry

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Superior Removal of Hydantoin Lesions Relative to other Oxidized Bases by the Human DNA Glycosylase hNEIL1¶

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