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| Content Provider | PubMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Vairapandi, M. Duker, N. J. |
| Abstract | DNA 5-methylcytosine is a major factor in the silencing of mammalian genes; it is involved in gene expression, differentiation, embryogenesis and neoplastic transformation. A decrease in DNA 5-methylcytosine content is associated with activation of specific genes. There is much evidence indicating this to be an enzymic process, with replacement of 5-methylcytosine by cytosine. We demonstrate here enzymic release of 5-methylcytosines from DNA by a human 5-methylcytosine-DNA glycosylase activity, which affords a possible mechanism for such replacement. This activity generates promutagenic apyrimidinic sites, which can be related to the high frequency of mutations found at DNA 5-methylcytosine loci. The recovery of most released pyrimidines as thymines indicates subsequent deamination of free 5-methylcytosines by a 5-methylcytosine deaminase activity. This prevents possible recycling of 5-methylcytosine into replicative DNA synthesis via a possible 5-methyl-dCTP intermediate synthesized through the pyrimidine salvage pathway. Taken together, these findings indicate mechanisms for removal of 5-methylcytosines from DNA, hypermutability of DNA 5-methylcytosine sites, and exclusion of 5-methylcytosines from DNA during replication. |
| Starting Page | 5323 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 13624962 |
| e-ISSN | 13624962 |
| Journal | Nucleic Acids Research |
| Issue Number | 23 |
| Volume Number | 21 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher Date | 1993-11-25 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Research in Higher Education |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Genetics |
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