NDLI: Myotubes differentiate optimally on substrates with tissue-like stiffness

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Engler, Adam J. Griffin, Maureen A. Sen, Shamik Bönnemann, Carsten G. Sweeney, H. Lee Discher, Dennis E.
Abstract	Contractile myocytes provide a test of the hypothesis that cells sense their mechanical as well as molecular microenvironment, altering expression, organization, and/or morphology accordingly. Here, myoblasts were cultured on collagen strips attached to glass or polymer gels of varied elasticity. Subsequent fusion into myotubes occurs independent of substrate flexibility. However, myosin/actin striations emerge later only on gels with stiffness typical of normal muscle (passive Young's modulus, E ∼12 kPa). On glass and much softer or stiffer gels, including gels emulating stiff dystrophic muscle, cells do not striate. In addition, myotubes grown on top of a compliant bottom layer of glass-attached myotubes (but not softer fibroblasts) will striate, whereas the bottom cells will only assemble stress fibers and vinculin-rich adhesions. Unlike sarcomere formation, adhesion strength increases monotonically versus substrate stiffness with strongest adhesion on glass. These findings have major implications for in vivo introduction of stem cells into diseased or damaged striated muscle of altered mechanical composition.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200405004
Ending Page	887
Page Count	11
Starting Page	877
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00219525
e-ISSN	15408140
Journal	The Journal of Cell Biology
Issue Number	6
Volume Number	166
Language	English
Publisher	The Rockefeller University Press
Publisher Date	2004-09-13
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	The Rockefeller University Press
Subject Keyword	Cell Biology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Medicine

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