NDLI: Analysis of the gene start and gene end signals of human respiratory syncytial virus: quasi-templated initiation at position 1 of the encoded mRNA.

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Localized sequence heterogeneity in the long terminal repeats of in vivo isolates of equine infectious anemia virus.

Genomic diversity and evolution of papillomaviruses in rhesus monkeys.

Analysis of the gene start and gene end signals of human respiratory syncytial virus: quasi-templated initiation at position 1 of the encoded mRNA.

Nuclear localization of the NS3 protein of hepatitis C virus and factors affecting the localization.

Biochemical characterizations of two temperature-sensitive and attenuated strains of respiratory syncytial virus subgroup B.

Sequence- and structure-specific determinants in the interaction between the RNA encapsidation signal and reverse transcriptase of avian hepatitis B viruses.

Protection of human immunodeficiency virus type 2-exposed seronegative macaques from mucosal simian immunodeficiency virus transmission.

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Identification and characterization of a baculovirus structural protein, VP1054, required for nucleocapsid formation.

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Specific targeting to CD4+ cells of recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses encoding human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins.

Evolution of envelope-specific antibody responses in monkeys experimentally infected or immunized with simian immunodeficiency virus and its association with the development of protective immunity.

Stability of AML1 (core) site enhancer mutations in T lymphomas induced by attenuated SL3-3 murine leukemia virus mutants.

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cis-Acting sequences in addition to donor and acceptor sites are required for template switching during synthesis of plus-strand DNA for duck hepatitis B virus.

Insertions within epsilon affect synthesis of minus-strand DNA before the template switch for duck hepatitis B virus.

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Infectious RNA transcripts from full-length dengue virus type 2 cDNA clones made in yeast.

High level of transgene expression in cell cultures and in the mouse by replication-incompetent adenoviruses harboring modified VAI genes.

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Formation of intracellular particles by hepatitis B virus large surface protein.

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr induces apoptosis following cell cycle arrest.

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Apoptosis plays an important role in experimental rabies virus infection.

Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of long terminal repeat sequences from long-term survivors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.

Evidence for translation of the Borna disease virus G protein by leaky ribosomal scanning and ribosomal reinitiation.

Simian virus 40 T antigen can regulate p53-mediated transcription independent of binding p53.

Genetic analysis of interactions between Gag proteins of Rous sarcoma virus.

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Subunit-specific mutagenesis of the cysteine 280 residue of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: effects on sensitivity to a specific inhibitor of the RNase H activity.

Fish nodavirus lytic cycle and semipermissive expression in mammalian and fish cell cultures.

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Analysis of the gene start and gene end signals of human respiratory syncytial virus: quasi-templated initiation at position 1 of the encoded mRNA.

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Kuo, L. Fearns, R. Collins, P. L.
Abstract	The gene start (GS) and gene end (GE) transcription signals of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strain A2 were analyzed in helper-dependent monocistronic and dicistronic minireplicons which were complemented by a standard RSV strain. The GS signal, which is the start site for mRNA synthesis, is highly conserved for the first nine genes: 3'-CCCCGUUUA(U/C) (negative sense). This conserved version of the signal was analyzed by "saturation" mutagenesis, in which all 10 positions, as well as one downstream and one upstream position, were changed one at a time into each of the other three nucleotides. Most of the positions appear to contribute to the signal: positions 1, 3, 6, 7, and, in particular, 9 were the most sensitive, whereas position 5 was relatively insensitive. The effect of nucleotide substitution in the first position of the signal was examined further by cDNA cloning and sequence analysis of the residual mRNA which was produced. For the two mutants examined (1C to U, and 1C to A), the site of initiation was unchanged. However, the mRNAs were dimorphic with regard to the assignment of the 5'-terminal nucleotide: two-thirds contained the predicted mutant substitution, and one-third contained the parental assignment. Intracellular minigenome contained only the mutant assignment, indicating that the heterogeneity was at the level of transcription by the RSV polymerase. This suggests that the templated mutant assignment at position 1 can sometimes be overridden by an innate preference for the parental assignment, a phenomenon which we dubbed quasi-templated initiation. The GS signal of the L gene, encoding the 10th RSV mRNA, contains three differences (3'-CCCUGUUUUA) compared to the conserved version. It was shown to be equal in efficiency to the conserved version. This was unexpected, since the saturation mutagenesis described above indicated that U in place of A at position 9 should be highly inhibitory. Instead, the A at position 10 of the L GS signal was found to be critical for activity, indicating that an essential A residue indeed was present in both versions of the GS signal but that its spacing differed. The GE signal, which directs termination and polyadenylation, has more sequence diversity in nature than does the GS signal. The naturally occurring GE signals of strain A2 were compared by their individual incorporation into a dicistronic minigenome. They were similar in the ability to produce translatable mRNA except in the cases of NS1 and NS2, which were approximately 60% as efficient.
Starting Page	4944
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10985514
e-ISSN	10985514
Journal	Journal of Virology
Issue Number	7
Volume Number	71
Language	English
Publisher Date	1997-07-01
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Virology Immunology Microbiology Insect Science

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