NDLI: Transforming growth factor βs are upregulated in the rat masseter muscle hypertrophied by clenbuterol, a β 2 adrenergic agonist

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Akutsu, Satonari Shimada, Akemi Yamane, Akira
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	The regulatory mechanism for the hypertrophy of skeletal muscles induced by clenbuterol is unclear. The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent to which transforming growth factor βs (TGFβs), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are involved in the hypertrophy of rat masseter muscle induced by clenbuterol. We measured the mRNA expression levels for TGFβs, FGFs, HGF, and PDGFs in rat masseter muscle hypertrophied by oral administration of clenbuterol for 3 weeks and determined correlations between the weight of masseter muscle and mRNA expression levels by regression analysis. We determined immunolocalizations of TGFβs and their receptors (TGFβRs). The mRNA expression levels for TGFβ1, 2, and 3, and for PDGF-B demonstrated clenbuterol-induced elevations and positive correlations with the weight of masseter muscle. In particular, TGFβ1, 2, and 3 showed strong positive correlations (correlation coefficients >0.6). The mRNA expression levels for PDGF-A, FGF-1 and 2, and HGF showed no significant differences between the control and clenbuterol groups, and no significant correlations. TGFβ1, 2, and 3 were principally localized in the connective tissues interspaced among myofibers, and TGFβRI and II were localized in the periphery and sarcoplasm of the myofibers. These results suggest that paracrine actions of TGFβ1, 2, and 3 via TGFβRI and II could be involved in the hypertrophy of rat masseter muscle induced by clenbuterol. This is the first study to document the involvement of TGFβs in the hypertrophy of skeletal muscles induced by clenbuterol.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0706625
Ending Page	421
Page Count	10
Starting Page	412
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00071188
e-ISSN	14765381
Journal	British Journal of Pharmacology
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	147
Language	English
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Publisher Date	2006-02-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	Nature Publishing Group
Subject Keyword	Pharmacology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pharmacology

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