NDLI: Turing instability mediated by voltage and calcium diffusion in paced cardiac cells

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Yohannes, Shiferaw Karma, Alain
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	In cardiac cells, the coupling between the voltage across the cell membrane (V m) and the release of calcium (Ca) from intracellular stores is a crucial ingredient of heart function. Under abnormal conditions and/or rapid pacing, both the action potential duration and the peak Ca concentration in the cell can exhibit well known period-doubling oscillations referred to as “alternans,” which have been linked to sudden cardiac death. Fast diffusion of V m keeps action potential duration alternans spatially synchronized over the ≈150-μm-length scale of a cell, but slow diffusion of Ca ions allows Ca alternans within a cell to become spatially asynchronous, as observed in some experiments. This finding raises the question: When are Ca alternans spatially in-phase or out-of-phase on subcellular length scales? This question is investigated by using a spatially distributed model of Ca cycling coupled to V m. Our main finding is the existence of a Turing-type symmetry breaking instability mediated by V m and Ca diffusion that causes Ca alternans to become spontaneously out-of-phase at opposite ends of a cardiac cell. Pattern formation is governed by the interplay of short-range activation of Ca alternans, because of a dynamical instability of Ca cycling, and long-range inhibition of Ca alternans by V m alternans through Ca-sensitive membrane ionic currents. These results provide a striking example of a Turing instability in a biological context where the morphogens can be clearly identified, as well as a potential link between dynamical instability on subcellular scales and life-threatening cardiac disorders.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0511061103
Ending Page	5675
Page Count	6
Starting Page	5670
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	15
Volume Number	103
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	2006-04-11
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	National Academy of Sciences
Subject Keyword	General Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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