NDLI: Anthrax Edema Toxin Requires Influx of Calcium for Inducing Cyclic AMP Toxicity in Target Cells

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Kumar, Praveen Ahuja, Nidhi Bhatnagar, Rakesh
Copyright Year	2002
Abstract	The anthrax edema toxin comprises two proteins: protective antigen and edema factor. Anthrax protective antigen binds to the receptors on the surface of target cells and facilitates the entry of edema factor into these target cells. Edema factor (EF) is an adenylate cyclase that catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the cytosol of the host cells. In this study, we examined the requirement of extracellular calcium for anthrax edema toxin-induced toxicity in host cells. The cAMP response generated by edema toxin was analyzed in a variety of cells, including CHO, macrophage-like RAW264.7, human neutrophils, and human lymphocytes. Our investigations reveal that after EF reaches the cell cytosol, a rapid influx of calcium is triggered in the host cell that has a pivotal role in determining the cAMP response of the affected cells. Although the cAMP response generated by edema toxin in different cell types varied in intensity and in the time of initiation, the influx of calcium invariably preceded cAMP accumulation. Agents that blocked the uptake of calcium also inhibited edema toxin-induced accumulation of cAMP in the host cells. This is the first report that demonstrates that edema toxin induces accumulation of cAMP in lymphocytes. By accumulating cAMP, a potent inhibitor of immune cell function, edema toxin may actually be poisoning the immune system and thus facilitating the survival of the bacteria in the host.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.9.4997-5007.2002
Starting Page	4997
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10985522
e-ISSN	10985522
Journal	Infection and Immunity
Issue Number	9
Volume Number	70
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Microbiology
Publisher Date	2002-09-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	American Society for Microbiology
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Infectious Diseases Parasitology Immunology Microbiology

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