NDLI: Mechanism of Entry Determines the Ability of Toxoplasma gondii To Inhibit Macrophage Proinflammatory Cytokine Production

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Butcher, Barbara A. Denkers, Eric Y.
Copyright Year	2002
Abstract	Macrophages (Mφ) infected with tachyzoites of the opportunistic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii are blocked in production of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggering, and this is associated with parasite-induced inhibition of NFκB translocation. Here, we demonstrate a requirement for active invasion in the ability of the parasite to mediate suppression. Neither soluble tachyzoite antigen nor secreted products were suppressive, and heat-inactivated, antibody-coated tachyzoites, which efficiently entered the cell through receptor-mediated uptake, failed to inhibit LPS responses. Cytochalasin D, a drug blocking tachyzoite invasion of, but not adherence to, Mφ, severely curtailed Toxoplasma-induced suppression. In addition, parasite-induced nonresponsiveness, as measured by TNF-α production, was reversed by treating infected cells with the toxoplasmastatic drugs pyrimethamine and 6-thioxanthine prior to LPS stimulation. A divergence in IL-12 and TNF-α responses was found during extended incubation of tachyzoites and Mφ in that 24 h of incubation of infected Mφ resulted in IL-12, but not TNF-α, secretion, and production of the latter cytokine remained suppressed when these cells were subjected to LPS triggering. Our results demonstrate that active invasion and survival of the parasite within the parasitophorous vacuole are required to induce and maintain Mφ cytokine-specific nonresponsiveness to LPS. They also show that the effects of Toxoplasma on IL-12 and TNF-α production are nonidentical, with the parasite exerting a longer-lasting suppression of the latter.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.9.5216-5224.2002
Starting Page	5216
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10985522
e-ISSN	10985522
Journal	Infection and Immunity
Issue Number	9
Volume Number	70
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Microbiology
Publisher Date	2002-09-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	American Society for Microbiology
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Infectious Diseases Parasitology Immunology Microbiology

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